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  • Articles
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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
  • Topics
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Latest Articles

  • Gut Microbiota Predict <em>Enterococcus</em> Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant <em>Enterococcus</em> Acquisition
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gut Microbiota Predict Enterococcus Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Acquisition

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that VRE causes an estimated 54,000 infections and 539 million dollars in attributable health care costs annually. Despite improvements in hand washing, environmental cleaning, and antibiotic use, VRE is still prevalent in many hospitals. There is a pressing need to better understand the processes by which patients acquire VRE. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intestinal...

    Rishi Chanderraj, Christopher A. Brown, Kevin Hinkle, Nicole Falkowski, Piyush Ranjan, Robert P. Dickson, Robert J. Woods
    18 Nov 2020
  • Assessment of <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Silico</em> Protocols for Sequence-Based Characterization of the Human Vaginal Microbiome
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Assessment of In Vitro and In Silico Protocols for Sequence-Based Characterization of the Human Vaginal Microbiome

    The vaginal microbiome has been connected to various aspects of host health, including susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections as well as gynecological cancers and pregnancy outcomes. This has led to a thriving research environment but also to conflicting available methodologies, including many studies that do not report their molecular biological and bioinformatic methods in sufficient detail to be considered reproducible....

    Luisa W. Hugerth, Marcela Pereira, Yinghua Zha, Maike Seifert, Vilde Kaldhusdal, Fredrik Boulund, Maria C. Krog, Zahra Bashir, Marica Hamsten, Emma Fransson, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Ina Schuppe-Koistinen, Lars Engstrand
    18 Nov 2020
  • The Putative APSES Transcription Factor RgdA Governs Growth, Development, Toxigenesis, and Virulence in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    The Putative APSES Transcription Factor RgdA Governs Growth, Development, Toxigenesis, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus

    Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to infections with the opportunistic human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. This fungus causes systemic infections such as invasive aspergillosis (IA), which is one of the most life-threatening fungal diseases. To control this serious disease, it is critical to identify new antifungal drug targets. In fungi, the...

    Sang-Cheol Jun, Yong-Ho Choi, Min-Woo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Kwang-Soo Shin
    11 Nov 2020
  • Prophage-Dependent Neighbor Predation Fosters Horizontal Gene Transfer by Natural Transformation
    Observation | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Prophage-Dependent Neighbor Predation Fosters Horizontal Gene Transfer by Natural Transformation

    Prophages are nearly ubiquitous in bacterial species. These integrated phage elements have previously been implicated in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) largely through their ability to carry out transduction (generalized or specialized). Here, we show that prophage-encoded viral particles promote neighbor predation leading to enhanced HGT by natural transformation in the waterborne pathogen...

    Roberto C. Molina-Quiroz, Triana N. Dalia, Andrew Camilli, Ankur B. Dalia, Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela
    11 Nov 2020
  • Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Importance of the Heparan Sulfate Pathway and the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex for Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Uptake and Sindbis Virus Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Importance of the Heparan Sulfate Pathway and the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex for Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Uptake and Sindbis Virus Infection

    When facing a viral infection, the organism has to put in place a number of defense mechanisms in order to clear the pathogen from the cell. At the early phase of this preparation for fighting against the invader, the innate immune response is triggered by the sensing of danger signals. Among those molecular cues, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a very potent inducer of different reactions at the cellular level that can ultimately lead...

    Olivier Petitjean, Erika Girardi, Richard Patryk Ngondo, Vladimir Lupashin, Sébastien Pfeffer
    11 Nov 2020
  • Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series

    This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the...

    Pauline Vetter, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Benjamin Meyer, Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo, Giulia Torriani, Fiona Pigny, Sylvain Lemeille, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Diem-Lan Vu, Adrien Calame, Manuel Schibler, Frederique Jacquerioz, Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Laurent Kaiser, Arnaud M. Didierlaurent, Isabella Eckerle
    11 Nov 2020
  • A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan

    This study aimed to evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome sequences from COVID-19 cases and to characterize their genealogical networks to demonstrate possible routes of spread in Japan. We found that there were at least two distinct SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Japan, initially from China and subsequently from other countries, including Europe. Our findings can help understand how SARS-CoV-2...

    Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Kentaro Itokawa, Masanori Hashino, Tetsuro Kawano-Sugaya, Rina Tanaka, Koji Yatsu, Asami Ohnishi, Keiko Goto, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Hayato Ehara, Kenji Sadamasu, Masakatsu Taira, Shinichiro Shibata, Ryohei Nomoto, Satoshi Hiroi, Miho Toho, Tomoe Shimada, Tamano Matsui, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Hajime Kamiya, Yuichiro Yahata, Takuya Yamagishi, Motoi Suzuki, Takaji Wakita, Makoto Kuroda
    and the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network in Japan
    11 Nov 2020
  • The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: Escherichia coli Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe

    Technological advancements have driven and will continue to drive the adoption of organotypic systems for investigating host-microbe interactions within the human intestinal ecosystem. Using E. coli deficient in the RpoS-mediated general stress response, we demonstrate that the type or severity of microbial stressors within the HIO lumen is more restrictive than those...

    Madeline R. Barron, Roberto J. Cieza, David R. Hill, Sha Huang, Veda K. Yadagiri, Jason R. Spence, Vincent B. Young
    11 Nov 2020
  • Role of LmeA, a Mycobacterial Periplasmic Protein, in Maintaining the Mannosyltransferase MptA and Its Product Lipomannan under Stress
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Role of LmeA, a Mycobacterial Periplasmic Protein, in Maintaining the Mannosyltransferase MptA and Its Product Lipomannan under Stress

    Mycobacteria differentially regulate the cellular amounts of lipoglycans in response to environmental changes, but the molecular mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cellular lipoarabinomannan (LAM) levels rapidly decline under two stress conditions, stationary growth phase and nutrient starvation, while the levels of another related lipoglycan, lipomannan (LM), stay relatively constant. The...

    Kathryn C. Rahlwes, Sarah H. Osman, Yasu S. Morita
    4 Nov 2020
  • Reply to Bourgeois et al., “Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial”
    Author Reply | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Reply to Bourgeois et al., “Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial”
    Suzanne M. Garland, Marc Steben
    4 Nov 2020

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