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  • Home
  • Articles
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    • Archive
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Latest Articles

  • <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Escherichia coli Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play

    Little is known about the dynamics of adaptation in acute bacterial infections. By sequencing multiple isolates from monoclonal extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections in several patients, we were able to uncover traces of selection taking place at short time scales compared to chronic infection.

    Antoine Bridier-Nahmias, Adrien Launay, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Mélanie Magnan, Violaine Walewski, Jérémie Chatel, Sara Dion, Véronique Robbe-Saule, Olivier Clermont, Françoise Norel, Erick Denamur, Olivier Tenaillon
    6 Jan 2021
  • Analysis of Apoptosis-Related Genes Reveals that Apoptosis Functions in Conidiation and Pathogenesis of <em>Fusarium pseudograminearum</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Analysis of Apoptosis-Related Genes Reveals that Apoptosis Functions in Conidiation and Pathogenesis of Fusarium pseudograminearum

    The plant-pathogenic fungus F. pseudograminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat and barley, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. Particularly, in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China, F. pseudograminearum was reported as the dominant Fusarium species in FCR infections.

    Linlin Chen, Yuming Ma, Mengya Peng, Wenbo Chen, Huiqing Xia, Jingya Zhao, Yake Zhang, Zhuo Fan, Xiaoping Xing, Honglian Li
    6 Jan 2021
  • Association of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Binding to Viral Genomic RNA with Attenuation of Replication of Echovirus 7
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Association of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Binding to Viral Genomic RNA with Attenuation of Replication of Echovirus 7

    We recently discovered that the OAS3/RNase L antiviral pathway is essential for restriction of CpG- and UpA-enriched viruses, in addition to the requirement for zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). The current study provides evidence for the specific dinucleotide and wider recognition contexts associated with virus recognition and attenuation.

    Niluka Goonawardane, Dung Nguyen, Peter Simmonds
    6 Jan 2021
  • Structure-Guided Design of a Synthetic Mimic of an Endothelial Protein C Receptor-Binding PfEMP1 Protein
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Structure-Guided Design of a Synthetic Mimic of an Endothelial Protein C Receptor-Binding PfEMP1 Protein

    Vaccines train our immune systems to generate antibodies which recognize pathogens. Some of these antibodies are highly protective, preventing infection, while others are ineffective.

    Natalie M. Barber, Clinton K. Y. Lau, Louise Turner, Gareth Watson, Susan Thrane, John P. A. Lusingu, Thomas Lavstsen, Matthew K. Higgins
    6 Jan 2021
  • Monitoring COVID-19 Transmission Risks by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Tracing of Droplets in Hospital and Living Environments
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Monitoring COVID-19 Transmission Risks by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Tracing of Droplets in Hospital and Living Environments

    Several studies evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment. Saliva and nasopharyngeal droplets can land on objects and surfaces, creating fomites.

    Andrea Piana, Maria Eugenia Colucci, Federica Valeriani, Adriano Marcolongo, Giovanni Sotgiu, Cesira Pasquarella, Lory Marika Margarucci, Andrea Petrucca, Gianluca Gianfranceschi, Sergio Babudieri, Pietro Vitali, Giuseppe D’Ermo, Assunta Bizzarro, Flavio De Maio, Matteo Vitali, Antonio Azara, Ferdinando Romano, Maurizio Simmaco, Vincenzo Romano Spica
    6 Jan 2021
  • Small RNAs Are Implicated in Regulation of Gene and Transposable Element Expression in the Protist <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Trichomonas vaginalis</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Small RNAs Are Implicated in Regulation of Gene and Transposable Element Expression in the Protist Trichomonas vaginalis

    Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection in humans. The millions of cases each year have sequelae that may include complications during pregnancy and increased risk of HIV infection.

    Sally D. Warring, Frances Blow, Grace Avecilla, Jordan C. Orosco, Steven A. Sullivan, Jane M. Carlton
    6 Jan 2021
  • Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Within-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Severe Influenza
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Within-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Severe Influenza

    The D222G/N substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been reported to be associated with disease severity and mortality in numerous previous studies. In the present study, 75% of lower respiratory samples contained heterogeneous influenza populations that carried different amino acids at position 222 of the HA protein, whereas all upper respiratory samples only contained the wild-type 222D....

    Ikuyo Takayama, Binh Gia Nguyen, Co Xuan Dao, Thach The Pham, Tuan Quoc Dang, Phuong Thai Truong, Thanh Van Do, Thuy Thi Phuong Pham, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Takato Odagiri, Hideki Hasegawa, Noriko Nakajima
    6 Jan 2021
  • Disentangling the Relative Roles of Vertical Transmission, Subsequent Colonizations, and Diet on Cockroach Microbiome Assembly
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Disentangling the Relative Roles of Vertical Transmission, Subsequent Colonizations, and Diet on Cockroach Microbiome Assembly

    When host fitness is dependent on gut microbiota, microbial community flexibility and reproducibility enhance host fitness by allowing fine-tuned environmental tracking and sufficient stability for host traits to evolve. Our findings lend support to the importance of vertically transmitted early-life microbiota as stabilizers through interactions with potential colonizers that may contribute to ensuring that the microbiota aligns within...

    Justinn Renelies-Hamilton, Kristjan Germer, David Sillam-Dussès, Kasun H. Bodawatta, Michael Poulsen
    6 Jan 2021
  • Identification of Nasal Gammaproteobacteria with Potent Activity against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>: Novel Insights into the “Noncarrier” State
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Identification of Nasal Gammaproteobacteria with Potent Activity against Staphylococcus aureus: Novel Insights into the “Noncarrier” State

    Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for infection, but it is not yet understood why some individuals carry nasal S. aureus persistently, intermittently, or seemingly not at all when tested via culture methods. This study compared the nasal microbiomes of established...

    Amy L. Cole, Meera Sundar, Ana Lopez, Anna Forsman, Shibu Yooseph, Alexander M. Cole
    6 Jan 2021
  • Dichloroacetate and Pyruvate Metabolism: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases as Targets Worth Investigating for Effective Therapy of Toxoplasmosis
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Dichloroacetate and Pyruvate Metabolism: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases as Targets Worth Investigating for Effective Therapy of Toxoplasmosis

    Currently, the drugs used for toxoplasmosis have severe toxicity to human cells, and the treatment still lacks effective and safer alternatives. The search for novel drug targets is timely.

    Mariana Galvão Ferrarini, Lindice Mitie Nisimura, Richard Marcel Bruno Moreira Girard, Mayke Bezerra Alencar, Mariana Sayuri Ishikawa Fragoso, Carlla Assis Araújo-Silva, Alan de Almeida Veiga, Ana Paula Ressetti Abud, Sheila Cristina Nardelli, Rossiane C. Vommaro, Ariel Mariano Silber, Marie France-Sagot, Andréa Rodrigues Ávila
    6 Jan 2021

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