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  • Articles
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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
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Latest Articles

  • Comparative Genome Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Sequence Type 131 Strains from Nepal and Japan
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Comparative Genome Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Strains from Nepal and Japan

    The global spread of ESBL-E. coli has been driven in large part by pandemic sequence type 131 (ST131). A recent study suggested that, within E. coli ST131, certain sublineages have disseminated worldwide with little association with their geographical origin, highlighting the complexity of the...

    Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama, Jatan Bahadur Sherchan, Yohei Doi, Maki Nagamatsu, Jeevan B. Sherchand, Sarmila Tandukar, Norio Ohmagari, Teruo Kirikae, Hiroshi Ohara, Kayoko Hayakawa
    26 Oct 2016
  • Phenotypic Screens Identify Parasite Genetic Factors Associated with Malarial Fever Response in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium falciparum</span><em>piggyBac</em> Mutants
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phenotypic Screens Identify Parasite Genetic Factors Associated with Malarial Fever Response in Plasmodium falciparumpiggyBac Mutants

    Though the P. falciparum genome sequence has been available for many years, ~40% of its genes do not have informative annotations, as they show no detectable homology to those of studied organisms. More still have not been evaluated via genetic methods. Scalable forward-genetic approaches that allow interrogation of gene function without any pre-existing knowledge are...

    Phaedra Thomas, Jennifer Sedillo, Jenna Oberstaller, Suzanne Li, Min Zhang, Naresh Singh, Chengqi C. Q. Wang, Kenneth Udenze, Rays H. Y. Jiang, John H. Adams
    26 Oct 2016
  • Characterization of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> Isolates from Air and Surfaces of the International Space Station
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from Air and Surfaces of the International Space Station

    As durations of manned space missions increase, it is imperative to understand the long-term consequence of microbial exposure on human health in a closed human habitat. To date, studies aimed at bacterial and fungal contamination of space vessels have highlighted species compositions biased toward hardy, persistent organisms capable of withstanding harsh conditions. In the current study, we assessed traits of two independent...

    Benjamin P. Knox, Adriana Blachowicz, Jonathan M. Palmer, Jillian Romsdahl, Anna Huttenlocher, Clay C. C. Wang, Nancy P. Keller, Kasthuri Venkateswaran
    26 Oct 2016
  • Norovirus Polymerase Fidelity Contributes to Viral Transmission <em>In Vivo</em>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Norovirus Polymerase Fidelity Contributes to Viral Transmission In Vivo

    Virus replication fidelity and hence the intrahost genetic diversity of viral populations are known to be intricately linked to viral pathogenesis and tropism as well as to immune and antiviral escape during infection. In this study, we investigated whether changes in replication fidelity can impact the ability of a virus to transmit between susceptible hosts by the use of a mouse model for norovirus. We show that a variant encoding a...

    Armando Arias, Lucy Thorne, Elsa Ghurburrun, Dalan Bailey, Ian Goodfellow
    19 Oct 2016
  • Molecular Epidemiology of Colonizing and Infecting Isolates of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Molecular Epidemiology of Colonizing and Infecting Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

    K. pneumoniae commonly infects hospitalized patients, and these infections are increasingly resistant to carbapenems, the antibiotics of last resort for life-threatening bacterial infections. To prevent and treat these infections, we must better understand how K. pneumoniae causes disease and...

    Rebekah M. Martin, Jie Cao, Sylvain Brisse, Virginie Passet, Weisheng Wu, Lili Zhao, Preeti N. Malani, Krishna Rao, Michael A. Bachman
    19 Oct 2016
  • 
<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Shewanella baltica</span> Ecotypes Have Wide Transcriptional Variation under the Same Growth Conditions
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Shewanella baltica Ecotypes Have Wide Transcriptional Variation under the Same Growth Conditions

    Eukaryotic studies have shown considerable transcriptional variation among individuals from the same population. It has been suggested that natural variation in eukaryotic gene expression may have significant evolutionary consequences and may explain large-scale phenotypic divergence of closely related species, such as humans and chimpanzees (M.-C. King and A. C. Wilson, Science 188:107–116, 1975,...

    W. S. Hambright, Jie Deng, James M. Tiedje, Ingrid Brettar, Jorge L. M. Rodrigues
    19 Oct 2016
  • Development of a Nanobody-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Human Norovirus
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Development of a Nanobody-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Human Norovirus

    We previously identified a Nanobody (termed Nano-85) that bound to a highly conserved region on the norovirus capsid. In this study, the Nanobody was biotinylated and gold conjugated for a lateral flow immunoassay (termed Nano-IC). We showed that the Nano-IC assay was capable of detecting at least four antigenically distinct GII genotypes, including the newly emerging GII.17. In the clinical setting, the Nano-IC assay had sensitivities...

    Sylvie Y. Doerflinger, Julia Tabatabai, Paul Schnitzler, Carlo Farah, Steffen Rameil, Peter Sander, Anna Koromyslova, Grant S. Hansman
    12 Oct 2016
  • The Spl Serine Proteases Modulate <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Protein Production and Virulence in a Rabbit Model of Pneumonia
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Spl Serine Proteases Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Protein Production and Virulence in a Rabbit Model of Pneumonia

    Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile human pathogen that produces an array of virulence factors, including several proteases. Of these, six proteases called the Spls are the least characterized. Previous evidence suggests that the Spls are expressed during human infection; however, their function is unknown. Our study shows that the Spls are required for...

    Alexandra E. Paharik, Wilmara Salgado-Pabon, David K. Meyerholz, Mark J. White, Patrick M. Schlievert, Alexander R. Horswill
    12 Oct 2016
  • Influence of Plasmid Type on the Replication of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Rhodococcus equi</span> in Host Macrophages
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Influence of Plasmid Type on the Replication of Rhodococcus equi in Host Macrophages

    This work greatly advances our understanding of the opportunistic pathogen Rhodococcus equi, a disease agent of animals and immunocompromised people. Clinical isolates from diseased foals carry a conjugative virulence plasmid, pVAPA1037, that expresses Vap proteins, including VapA, essential for intramacrophage replication and virulence in vivo. The...

    Jennifer M. Willingham-Lane, Londa J. Berghaus, Steeve Giguère, Mary K. Hondalus
    12 Oct 2016
  • Multi-Body-Site Microbiome and Culture Profiling of Military Trainees Suffering from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at Fort Benning, Georgia
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Multi-Body-Site Microbiome and Culture Profiling of Military Trainees Suffering from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at Fort Benning, Georgia

    While it is evident that nasal colonization with S. aureus increases the likelihood of SSTI, there is a significant lack of information regarding the contribution of extranasal colonization to the overall risk of a subsequent SSTI. Furthermore, the impact of S. aureus colonization on bacterial...

    Jatinder Singh, Ryan C. Johnson, Carey D. Schlett, Emad M. Elassal, Katrina B. Crawford, Deepika Mor, Jeffrey B. Lanier, Natasha N. Law, William A. Walters, Nimfa Teneza-Mora, Jason W. Bennett, Eric R. Hall, Eugene V. Millar, Michael W. Ellis, D. Scott Merrell
    5 Oct 2016

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