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SARS-CoV-2

  • Open Access
    Evaluating the Antimicrobial Properties of Commercial Hand Sanitizers
    Editor's Pick Research Article
    Evaluating the Antimicrobial Properties of Commercial Hand Sanitizers

    In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hand hygiene has taken on a prominent role in efforts to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, which has led to a radical increase in the number and types of hand sanitizers manufactured to meet public demand. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated or compared the antimicrobial performance of hand sanitizers that are being produced under COVID-19 emergency...

    M. Chojnacki, C. Dobrotka, R. Osborn, W. Johnson, M. Young, B. Meyer, E. Laskey, R. A. F. Wozniak, S. Dewhurst, P. M. Dunman
  • Open Access
    Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Coronaviruses in Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients
    Research Article
    Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Coronaviruses in Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients

    There is strong interest in the nature of the neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected individuals. For vaccine development, it is especially important which antibodies confer protection against SARS-CoV-2, if there is a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, and if there is cross-protection by antibodies directed against seasonal coronaviruses.

    Natalia Ruetalo, Ramona Businger, Karina Althaus, Simon Fink, Felix Ruoff, Michaela Pogoda, Angelika Iftner, Tina Ganzenmüller, Klaus Hamprecht, Bertram Flehmig, Tamam Bakchoul, Markus F. Templin, Michael Schindler
  • Open Access
    Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus 229E in Hong Kong and a Fatal COVID-19 Case Involving Coinfection with a Novel Human Coronavirus 229E Genogroup
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus 229E in Hong Kong and a Fatal COVID-19 Case Involving Coinfection with a Novel Human Coronavirus 229E Genogroup

    Since its first appearance in the 1960s, the genetic diversity and evolution of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) have been relatively understudied. In this study, we report a fatal case of COVID-19 coinfected with HCoV-229E in Hong Kong.

    Susanna K. P. Lau, David C. Lung, Emily Y. M. Wong, Kam Leng Aw-Yong, Antonio C. P. Wong, Hayes K. H. Luk, Kenneth S. M. Li, Joshua Fung, Tony T. Y. Chan, James Y. M. Tang, Longchao Zhu, Cyril C. Y. Yip, Sally C. Y. Wong, Rodney A. Lee, Owen T. Y. Tsang, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Patrick C. Y. Woo
  • Open Access
    Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children and Adults in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children and Adults in St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    This study determined the percentages of both children and adult samples from the greater St. Louis metropolitan area who had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in late April to early May 2020.

    Brittany K. Smith, Andrew B. Janowski, Jonathan E. Danis, Ian B. Harvey, Haiyan Zhao, Ya-Nan Dai, Christopher W. Farnsworth, Ann M. Gronowski, Stephen Roper, Daved H. Fremont, David Wang
  • Open Access
    Interplay of Antibody and Cytokine Production Reveals CXCL13 as a Potential Novel Biomarker of Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Interplay of Antibody and Cytokine Production Reveals CXCL13 as a Potential Novel Biomarker of Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is continuing to impact the global population, and knowledge of the immune response to COVID-19 is still developing. This study assesses the interplay of different parts of the immune system during COVID-19 disease.

    Alexander M. Horspool, Theodore Kieffer, Brynnan P. Russ, Megan A. DeJong, M. Allison Wolf, Jacqueline M. Karakiozis, Brice J. Hickey, Paolo Fagone, Danyel H. Tacker, Justin R. Bevere, Ivan Martinez, Mariette Barbier, Peter L. Perrotta, F. Heath Damron
  • Open Access
    An Observational Laboratory-Based Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnostics in Benin, Western Africa
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    An Observational Laboratory-Based Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Diagnostics in Benin, Western Africa

    Months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, case numbers from Africa are surprisingly low, potentially because the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in Africa is lower than in other regions. Here, we show an overload of COVID-19-related diagnostics in the central laboratory of Benin, Western Africa, with a stagnating average number of positive samples irrespective of daily sample counts.

    Anna-Lena Sander, Anges Yadouleton, Andres Moreira-Soto, Carine Tchibozo, Gildas Hounkanrin, Yvette Badou, Carlo Fischer, Nina Krause, Petas Akogbeto, Edmilson F. de Oliveira Filho, Anges Dossou, Sebastian Brünink, Christian Drosten, Melchior A. Joël Aïssi, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey, Benjamin Hounkpatin, Michael Nagel, Jan Felix Drexler
  • Open Access
    Monitoring COVID-19 Transmission Risks by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Tracing of Droplets in Hospital and Living Environments
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Monitoring COVID-19 Transmission Risks by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Tracing of Droplets in Hospital and Living Environments

    Several studies evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment. Saliva and nasopharyngeal droplets can land on objects and surfaces, creating fomites.

    Andrea Piana, Maria Eugenia Colucci, Federica Valeriani, Adriano Marcolongo, Giovanni Sotgiu, Cesira Pasquarella, Lory Marika Margarucci, Andrea Petrucca, Gianluca Gianfranceschi, Sergio Babudieri, Pietro Vitali, Giuseppe D’Ermo, Assunta Bizzarro, Flavio De Maio, Matteo Vitali, Antonio Azara, Ferdinando Romano, Maurizio Simmaco, Vincenzo Romano Spica
  • Open Access
    Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Coevolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Coevolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets

    The CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) infectious disease outbreak is having a dramatic global effect on public health and the economy. As of October 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in over 189 countries, has infected over 40 million people, and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths.

    Agnes P. Chan, Yongwook Choi, Nicholas J. Schork
  • Open Access
    Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series

    This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the...

    Pauline Vetter, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Benjamin Meyer, Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo, Giulia Torriani, Fiona Pigny, Sylvain Lemeille, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Diem-Lan Vu, Adrien Calame, Manuel Schibler, Frederique Jacquerioz, Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Laurent Kaiser, Arnaud M. Didierlaurent, Isabella Eckerle
  • Open Access
    A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan

    This study aimed to evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome sequences from COVID-19 cases and to characterize their genealogical networks to demonstrate possible routes of spread in Japan. We found that there were at least two distinct SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Japan, initially from China and subsequently from other countries, including Europe. Our findings can help understand how SARS-CoV-2...

    Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Kentaro Itokawa, Masanori Hashino, Tetsuro Kawano-Sugaya, Rina Tanaka, Koji Yatsu, Asami Ohnishi, Keiko Goto, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Hayato Ehara, Kenji Sadamasu, Masakatsu Taira, Shinichiro Shibata, Ryohei Nomoto, Satoshi Hiroi, Miho Toho, Tomoe Shimada, Tamano Matsui, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Hajime Kamiya, Yuichiro Yahata, Takuya Yamagishi, Motoi Suzuki, Takaji Wakita, Makoto Kuroda
    and the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network in Japan

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