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plasmids

  • Open Access
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States

    Understanding the genetic mechanisms conferring resistance is critical to design informed control and preventive measures, particularly when involving critically important antimicrobial classes such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The genetic determinants of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance were highly diverse, with multiple plasmids, insertion sequences, and genes playing key...

    Shivdeep Singh Hayer, Seunghyun Lim, Samuel Hong, Ehud Elnekave, Timothy Johnson, Albert Rovira, Fabio Vannucci, Jonathan B. Clayton, Andres Perez, Julio Alvarez
  • Open Access
    Tracking of Antibiotic Resistance Transfer and Rapid Plasmid Evolution in a Hospital Setting by Nanopore Sequencing
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Tracking of Antibiotic Resistance Transfer and Rapid Plasmid Evolution in a Hospital Setting by Nanopore Sequencing

    Infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to global health. While the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial clones is frequently studied in the hospital setting, surveillance of the transfer of mobile genetic elements between different bacterial species was difficult until recent advances in sequencing technologies. Nanopore sequencing technology was applied to track antimicrobial gene transfer in a long-...

    Silke Peter, Mattia Bosio, Caspar Gross, Daniela Bezdan, Javier Gutierrez, Philipp Oberhettinger, Jan Liese, Wichard Vogel, Daniela Dörfel, Lennard Berger, Matthias Marschal, Matthias Willmann, Ivo Gut, Marta Gut, Ingo Autenrieth, Stephan Ossowski
  • Open Access
    Multiple Plasmid Vectors Mediate the Spread of <em>fosA3</em> in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> Isolates from Retail Vegetables in China
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Multiple Plasmid Vectors Mediate the Spread of fosA3 in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolates from Retail Vegetables in China

    This report provides important information on the transmission and epidemiology of fosA3 among Enterobacterales isolates from vegetables. The rate of occurrence of fosA3 in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from retail vegetables is high, and fosA3 was found to be carried by diverse plasmids. Some novel genetic contexts of fosA3 and novel fosA3-carrying plasmids, including...

    Luchao Lv, Xiuyu Huang, Jing Wang, Ying Huang, Xun Gao, Yiyun Liu, Qiaoli Zhou, Qianhui Zhang, Jun Yang, Jian-Ying Guo, Jian-Hua Liu
  • Open Access
    Characterization of a Type II-A CRISPR-Cas System in <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Characterization of a Type II-A CRISPR-Cas System in Streptococcus mutans

    CRISPR-Cas is one of the mechanisms used by bacteria to defend against viral predation. Increasing our knowledge of the biology and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems will also improve our understanding of virus-bacterium interactions. As CRISPR-Cas systems acquiring novel immunities under laboratory conditions are rare, Streptococcus mutans strain P42S provides an...

    Cas Mosterd, Sylvain Moineau
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Enterococcus faecalis</span> CRISPR-Cas Is a Robust Barrier to Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination in the Murine Intestine
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Enterococcus faecalis CRISPR-Cas Is a Robust Barrier to Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination in the Murine Intestine

    CRISPR-Cas is a type of immune system in bacteria that is hypothesized to be a natural impediment to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we directly assessed the impact of CRISPR-Cas on antibiotic resistance dissemination in the mammalian intestine and under different in vitro conditions. We observed a robust effect of CRISPR-Cas on in vivo but not in vitro dissemination of antibiotic...

    Valerie J. Price, Sara W. McBride, Karthik Hullahalli, Anushila Chatterjee, Breck A. Duerkop, Kelli L. Palmer
  • Open Access
    Conjugative Selectivity of Plasmids Is Affected by Coexisting Recipient Candidates
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Conjugative Selectivity of Plasmids Is Affected by Coexisting Recipient Candidates

    Most previous studies on plasmid conjugal transfer employed experimental setups with two strains: one as a donor and the other as a recipient. However, the results obtained sometimes failed to agree with observations obtained under natural environmental conditions or in a model microcosm using natural soil and water samples. Therefore, we consider that there is a “gap” in our understanding of plasmid behavior in the context of bacterial...

    Ayako Sakuda, Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi, Kazunori Okada, Hideaki Nojiri
  • Open Access
    Separate F-Type Plasmids Have Shaped the Evolution of the <em>H</em>30 Subclone of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Sequence Type 131
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Separate F-Type Plasmids Have Shaped the Evolution of the H30 Subclone of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131

    A clonal lineage of Escherichia coli known as ST131 has emerged as a dominating strain type causing extraintestinal infections in humans. The evolutionary history of ST131 E. coli is now well understood. However, the role of plasmids in ST131’s evolutionary history is poorly defined. This study...

    Timothy J. Johnson, Jessica L. Danzeisen, Bonnie Youmans, Kyle Case, Katharine Llop, Jeannette Munoz-Aguayo, Cristian Flores-Figueroa, Maliha Aziz, Nicole Stoesser, Evgeni Sokurenko, Lance B. Price, James R. Johnson
  • Open Access
    CRISPR-Cas and Restriction-Modification Act Additively against Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid Transfer in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Enterococcus faecalis</span>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    CRISPR-Cas and Restriction-Modification Act Additively against Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid Transfer in Enterococcus faecalis

    Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that normally inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Although these bacteria are members of our native gut flora, they can cause life-threatening infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance genes appear to be readily shared among high-risk...

    Valerie J. Price, Wenwen Huo, Ardalan Sharifi, Kelli L. Palmer
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