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molecular epidemiology

  • Open Access
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein

    Mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks occur in the United States despite high coverage with measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Routine genotyping of laboratory-confirmed mumps cases has been practiced in the United States since 2006 to enhance mumps surveillance. This study reports the detection of unusual mutations in the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of contemporary laboratory-confirmed mumps cases and is the first to describe the impact...

    Rita Czakó Stinnett, Andrew S. Beck, Elena N. Lopareva, Rebecca J. McNall, Donald R. Latner, Carole J. Hickman, Paul A. Rota, Bettina Bankamp
  • Open Access
    Origin of OXA-23 Variant OXA-239 from a Recently Emerged Lineage of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> International Clone V
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Origin of OXA-23 Variant OXA-239 from a Recently Emerged Lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone V

    A. baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections all over the world. Although many isolates from developed countries have been studied in terms of their genome sequence, isolates from Latin America have been much less studied. In this study, using a population genomics approach considering the whole genomes of 148 isolates, we describe the recent emergence of...

    Lucia Graña-Miraglia, Benjamin A. Evans, Luis E. López-Jácome, Melissa Hernández-Durán, Claudia Adriana Colín-Castro, Patricia Volkow-Fernández, Miguel A. Cevallos, Rafael Franco-Cendejas, Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
  • Open Access
    Reduced Fitness Costs of <em>mcr-1.2</em> Compared to Mutated <em>pmrB</em> in Isogenic Colistin-Resistant KPC-3-Producing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Reduced Fitness Costs of mcr-1.2 Compared to Mutated pmrB in Isogenic Colistin-Resistant KPC-3-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

    Our study shows a successful prolonged human colonization by a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate harboring mcr-1.2. An intense antibiotic therapy contributed to the maintenance of this microorganism through the acquisition of new resistance genes. The isolates carrying mcr-1.2 showed fewer fitness costs than isogenic isolates with a...

    Cesira Giordano, Adrian Klak, Simona Barnini, Monika A. Chlebowicz, Mariacristina Menconi, John W. Rossen, Alexander W. Friedrich, Erik Bathoorn
  • Open Access
    Molecular Epidemiology of Noninvasive and Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Cape Town
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Molecular Epidemiology of Noninvasive and Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Cape Town

    The development of a vaccine for group A streptococcus (GAS) is of paramount importance given that GAS infections cause more than 500,000 deaths annually across the world. This prospective passive surveillance laboratory study evaluated the potential coverage of the M protein-based vaccine currently under development. While a number of GAS strains isolated from this sub-Sahara African study were included in the current vaccine...

    D. D. Barth, P. Naicker, K. Engel, B. Muhamed, W. Basera, B. M. Mayosi, J. B. Dale, M. E. Engel
  • Open Access
    Enhanced Molecular Surveillance of Chikungunya Virus
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Enhanced Molecular Surveillance of Chikungunya Virus

    The life cycle of arboviruses relies on efficient infection of and transmission by arthropod vectors. Adaptation to new vectors can thus dramatically increase the geographic range of an arbovirus. Several adaptive mutations enhance chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmissibility by different mosquito species. The appearance of those adaptive mutations has led to large-scale CHIKV outbreaks in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Molecular surveillance...

    Carlo Fischer, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jan Felix Drexler
  • Open Access
    Jet-Setting Koalas Spread <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus gattii</span> VGII in Australia
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Jet-Setting Koalas Spread Cryptococcus gattii VGII in Australia

    Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII is one of the causes of cryptococcosis, a severe fungal disease that is acquired from the environment and affects many host species (including humans and koalas). In Australia, disease caused by C. gattii VGII is largely confined to western and central...

    Laura J. Schmertmann, Patrizia Danesi, Juan Monroy-Nieto, Jolene Bowers, David M. Engelthaler, Richard Malik, Wieland Meyer, Mark B. Krockenberger
  • Open Access
    A Population-Based Surveillance Study of Shared Genotypes of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Isolates from Retail Meat and Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    A Population-Based Surveillance Study of Shared Genotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Meat and Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections

    Community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli is one of the most common infectious diseases in the United States, affecting approximately seven million women and costing approximately 11.6 billion dollars annually. In addition, antibiotic resistance among E. coli bacteria...

    Reina Yamaji, Cindy R. Friedman, Julia Rubin, Joy Suh, Erika Thys, Patrick McDermott, Melody Hung-Fan, Lee W. Riley
  • Open Access
    An Observational Cohort Study of <em>Clostridium difficile</em> Ribotype 027 and Recurrent Infection
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    An Observational Cohort Study of Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027 and Recurrent Infection

    CDI is a major public health issue, with over 400,000 cases per year in the United States alone. Recurrent CDI is common, occurring in approximately one in five individuals after a primary episode. Although interventions exist that could reduce the risk of recurrence, deployment in all patients is limited by cost, invasiveness, and/or an undetermined long-term safety profile. Thus, clinicians need risk stratification tools to properly...

    Krishna Rao, Peter D. R. Higgins, Vincent B. Young
  • Open Access
    Dating the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus gattii</span> Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Dating the Cryptococcus gattii Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest

    The recent emergence of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) resulted in numerous investigations into the epidemiological and enzootic impacts, as well as multiple genomic explorations of the three primary molecular subtypes of the fungus that were discovered. These studies lead to the general conclusion that the subtypes identified...

    Chandler C. Roe, Jolene Bowers, Hanna Oltean, Emilio DeBess, Philippe J. Dufresne, Scott McBurney, David P. Overy, Bodo Wanke, Colleen Lysen, Tom Chiller, Wieland Meyer, George R. Thompson, Shawn R. Lockhart, Crystal M. Hepp, David M. Engelthaler
  • Open Access
    A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses

    A fundamental goal in the biological sciences is the definition of groups of organisms based on evolutionary history and the naming of those groups. For influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine, understanding the hemagglutinin (HA) genetic lineage of a circulating strain aids in vaccine antigen selection and allows for inferences about vaccine efficacy. Previous reporting of H1 virus HA in swine relied on colloquial names, frequently with...

    Tavis K. Anderson, Catherine A. Macken, Nicola S. Lewis, Richard H. Scheuermann, Kristien Van Reeth, Ian H. Brown, Sabrina L. Swenson, Gaëlle Simon, Takehiko Saito, Yohannes Berhane, Janice Ciacci-Zanella, Ariel Pereda, C. Todd Davis, Ruben O. Donis, Richard J. Webby, Amy L. Vincent

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