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    • Archive
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Lactobacillus

  • Open Access
    Amylases in the Human Vagina
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Amylases in the Human Vagina

    In this study, we show that multiple bacteria in the vaginal community produce amylases that hydrolyze glycogen into simpler sugars (i.e., maltose and maltotriose). These sugars serve as “common goods” that sustain bacterial populations in vaginal communities.

    Kenetta L. Nunn, Geremy C. Clair, Joshua N. Adkins, Kristin Engbrecht, Thomas Fillmore, Larry J. Forney
  • Open Access
    Comparative Genomic Study of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactobacillus jensenii</span> and the Newly Defined <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Lactobacillus mulieris</span> Species Identifies Species-Specific Functionality
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Comparative Genomic Study of Lactobacillus jensenii and the Newly Defined Lactobacillus mulieris Species Identifies Species-Specific Functionality

    Lactobacillus species play a key role in the health of the urinary tract. For instance, Lactobacillus crispatus and L. jensenii have been found to inhibit uropathogenic Escherichia coli growth. While...

    Catherine Putonti, Jason W. Shapiro, Adriana Ene, Oleksandra Tsibere, Alan J. Wolfe
  • Open Access
    Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise

    The vaginal microbiome is a critical component of women’s sexual and reproductive health, with variations in microbial composition, particularly the loss of Lactobacillus species, being implicated in gynecologic and obstetric diseases. Given that the vaginal microbiome is so crucial, why do vaginal microbial profiles vary strikingly from person to person and even change over time within the same person? In the present study,...

    Stephanie D. Song, Kalpana D. Acharya, Jade E. Zhu, Christen M. Deveney, Marina R. S. Walther-Antonio, Marc J. Tetel, Nicholas Chia
  • Open Access
    Influences of Ingredients and Bakers on the Bacteria and Fungi in Sourdough Starters and Bread
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Influences of Ingredients and Bakers on the Bacteria and Fungi in Sourdough Starters and Bread

    Sourdough starters are complex communities of yeast and bacteria which confer characteristic flavor and texture to sourdough bread. The microbes present in starters can be sourced from ingredients or the baking environment and are typically consistent over time. Herein, we show that even when the recipe and ingredients for starter and bread are identical, different bakers around the globe produce highly diverse starters which then alter...

    Aspen T. Reese, Anne A. Madden, Marie Joossens, Guylaine Lacaze, Robert R. Dunn
  • Open Access
    Potential Role of Extracellular ATP Released by Bacteria in Bladder Infection and Contractility
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Potential Role of Extracellular ATP Released by Bacteria in Bladder Infection and Contractility

    The ability of uropathogenic bacteria to release excitatory compounds, such as ATP, may act as a virulence factor to stimulate signaling pathways that could have profound effects on the urothelium, perhaps extending to the vagina. This may be countered by the ability of certain commensal urinary microbiota constituents, such as lactobacilli. Further understanding of these interactions is important for the treatment and prevention of UUI...

    Behnam Abbasian, Aidan Shair, David B. O’Gorman, Ana M. Pena-Diaz, Liam Brennan, Kathleen Engelbrecht, David W. Koenig, Gregor Reid, Jeremy P. Burton
  • Open Access
    Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lactic Acid in Human Cervicovaginal Fluid
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lactic Acid in Human Cervicovaginal Fluid

    The Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with a reduced risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Lactic acid is a major organic acid metabolite produced by lactobacilli that acidifies the vagina and has been reported to have inhibitory activity in vitro against bacterial, protozoan, and viral STIs, including HIV infections. However, the anti-HIV...

    David Tyssen, Ying-Ying Wang, Joshua A. Hayward, Paul A. Agius, Kevin DeLong, Muriel Aldunate, Jacques Ravel, Thomas R. Moench, Richard A. Cone, Gilda Tachedjian
  • Open Access
    The <em>Lactobacillus</em> Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

    Bile acids play an integral role in shaping the gut microbiota and host physiology by regulating metabolic signaling, weight gain, and serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels. Given these important roles of bile acids, we investigated the presence of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillus genomes representing 170 different species, determined strain- and species-specific patterns of occurrences, and expanded on the...

    Sarah O’Flaherty, Alexandra Briner Crawley, Casey M. Theriot, Rodolphe Barrangou
  • Open Access
    <em>Lactobacillus</em> Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Immune Responses against Bacterial and Viral Antigens
    Minireview | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Lactobacillus Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Immune Responses against Bacterial and Viral Antigens

    Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been utilized since the 1990s for therapeutic heterologous gene expression. The ability of LAB to elicit an immune response against expressed foreign antigens has led to their exploration as potential mucosal vaccine candidates.

    Jonathan S. LeCureux, Gregg A. Dean
  • Open Access
    Effects of Exogenous Yeast and Bacteria on the Microbial Population Dynamics and Outcomes of Olive Fermentations
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Effects of Exogenous Yeast and Bacteria on the Microbial Population Dynamics and Outcomes of Olive Fermentations

    Food fermentations are subject to tremendous selective pressures resulting in the growth and persistence of a limited number of bacterial and fungal taxa. Although these foods are vulnerable to spoilage by unintended contamination of certain microorganisms, or alternatively, can be improved by the deliberate addition of starter culture microbes that accelerate or beneficially modify product outcomes, the impact of either of those...

    Jose Zaragoza, Zachary Bendiks, Charlotte Tyler, Mary E. Kable, Thomas R. Williams, Yelizaveta Luchkovska, Elaine Chow, Kyria Boundy-Mills, Maria L. Marco
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