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influenza

  • Open Access
    Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Within-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Severe Influenza
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Within-Host Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Patients with Severe Influenza

    The D222G/N substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been reported to be associated with disease severity and mortality in numerous previous studies. In the present study, 75% of lower respiratory samples contained heterogeneous influenza populations that carried different amino acids at position 222 of the HA protein, whereas all upper respiratory samples only contained the wild-type 222D....

    Ikuyo Takayama, Binh Gia Nguyen, Co Xuan Dao, Thach The Pham, Tuan Quoc Dang, Phuong Thai Truong, Thanh Van Do, Thuy Thi Phuong Pham, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Takato Odagiri, Hideki Hasegawa, Noriko Nakajima
  • Open Access
    Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Humidity and Deposition Solution Play a Critical Role in Virus Inactivation by Heat Treatment of N95 Respirators

    Shortages of personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators, during the coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have highlighted the need to develop effective decontamination strategies for their reuse. This is particularly important in health care settings for reducing exposure to respiratory viruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Although several...

    Nicole Rockey, Peter J. Arts, Lucinda Li, Katherine R. Harrison, Kathryn Langenfeld, William J. Fitzsimmons, Adam S. Lauring, Nancy G. Love, Keith S. Kaye, Lutgarde Raskin, William W. Roberts, Bridget Hegarty, Krista R. Wigginton
  • Open Access
    Application of a Biologically Contained Reporter System To Study Gain-of-Function H5N1 Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential
    Editor's Pick Resource Report | Synthetic Biology
    Application of a Biologically Contained Reporter System To Study Gain-of-Function H5N1 Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential

    Understanding how animal influenza viruses can adapt to spread in humans is critical to prepare for, and prevent, new pandemics. However, working safely with pathogens that have pandemic potential requires tight regulation and the use of high-level physical and biological risk mitigation strategies to stop accidental loss of containment. Here, we used a biological containment system for influenza viruses to study strains with pandemic...

    Eva E. Spieler, Eva Moritz, Silke Stertz, Benjamin G. Hale
  • Open Access
    Influenza A Virus Field Surveillance at a Swine-Human Interface
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Influenza A Virus Field Surveillance at a Swine-Human Interface

    Swine are influenza virus reservoirs that have caused outbreaks and pandemics. Genomic characterization of these viruses enables pandemic risk assessment and vaccine comparisons, though this typically occurs after a novel swine virus jumps into humans. The greatest risk occurs where large groups of swine and humans comingle. At a large swine exhibition, we used Nanopore sequencing and on-site analytics to interpret 13 swine influenza...

    Benjamin L. Rambo-Martin, Matthew W. Keller, Malania M. Wilson, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Tavis K. Anderson, Amy L. Vincent, Ujwal R. Bagal, Yunho Jang, Elizabeth B. Neuhaus, C. Todd Davis, Andrew S. Bowman, David E. Wentworth, John R. Barnes
  • Open Access
    Influenza and Alcohol-Based Handrub: the Danger of Ignoring Clinical Relevance
    Letter to the Editor | Applied and Environmental Science
    Influenza and Alcohol-Based Handrub: the Danger of Ignoring Clinical Relevance
    Alexandra Peters, Didier Pittet
  • Open Access
    Alcohol-Based Handrubs and Influenza A
    Letter to the Editor | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Alcohol-Based Handrubs and Influenza A
    John M. Boyce
  • Open Access
    Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients

    Antiseptic hand rubbing (AHR) and antiseptic hand washing (AHW) are important to prevent the spread of influenza A virus (IAV). This study elucidated the situations/mechanisms underlying the reduced efficacy of AHR against infectious mucus derived from IAV-infected individuals and indicated the weaknesses of the current hand hygiene regimens. Due to the low rate of diffusion/convection because of the physical properties of mucus as a...

    Ryohei Hirose, Takaaki Nakaya, Yuji Naito, Tomo Daidoji, Risa Bandou, Ken Inoue, Osamu Dohi, Naohisa Yoshida, Hideyuki Konishi, Yoshito Itoh
  • Open Access
    Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children

    The multiplex immunoassay was successfully used to simultaneously detect antibodies against seven different viruses. The developed serological microarray is a new promising tool for diagnostic, epidemiological, and seroprevalence analyses of virus infections.

    Anna Kazakova, Laura Kakkola, Henna Päkkilä, Tamara Teros-Jaakkola, Tero Soukka, Ville Peltola, Matti Waris, Ilkka Julkunen
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: Resolution of the Structure of an Influenza Virus Polymerase Is a Game Changer
    Commentary | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    mSphere of Influence: Resolution of the Structure of an Influenza Virus Polymerase Is a Game Changer

    Mathilde Richard works in the field of virology, more specifically on the evolution and pathogenesis of influenza viruses. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the two articles “Structure of Influenza A Polymerase Bound to the Viral RNA Promoter” by A. Pflug, D. Guilligay, S. Reich, and S. Cusack (Nature 516:355–360, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14008) and “...

    Mathilde Richard
  • Open Access
    Protein Microarray Analysis of the Specificity and Cross-Reactivity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibodies
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Protein Microarray Analysis of the Specificity and Cross-Reactivity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibodies

    Seasonal influenza is a serious public health problem because the viral infection spreads easily from person to person and because of antigenic drift in neutralizing epitopes. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease, although challenging because of the constant evolution of influenza virus subtypes. Our high-throughput protein microarrays allow for interrogation of subunit-specific IgG and IgA responses to...

    Rie Nakajima, Medalyn Supnet, Algis Jasinskas, Aarti Jain, Omid Taghavian, Joshua Obiero, Donald K. Milton, Wilbur H. Chen, Michael Grantham, Richard Webby, Florian Krammer, Darrick Carter, Philip L. Felgner, D. Huw Davies

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