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infection

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Escherichia coli Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play

    Little is known about the dynamics of adaptation in acute bacterial infections. By sequencing multiple isolates from monoclonal extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections in several patients, we were able to uncover traces of selection taking place at short time scales compared to chronic infection.

    Antoine Bridier-Nahmias, Adrien Launay, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Mélanie Magnan, Violaine Walewski, Jérémie Chatel, Sara Dion, Véronique Robbe-Saule, Olivier Clermont, Françoise Norel, Erick Denamur, Olivier Tenaillon
  • Open Access
    Gram-Negative Taxa and Antimicrobial Susceptibility after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Infection
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gram-Negative Taxa and Antimicrobial Susceptibility after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

    Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is highly efficacious in treating recurrent C. difficile infection (RCDI), has a promising application in decolonization of multidrug-resistant organisms, reduction of antibiotic resistance gene abundance, and restoration of healthy intestinal microbiota. However, data representing clinical microbiology results after FMT...

    Danielle Barrios Steed, Tiffany Wang, Divyanshu Raheja, Alex D. Waldman, Ahmed Babiker, Tanvi Dhere, Colleen S. Kraft, Michael H. Woodworth
  • Open Access
    Clinical Characteristics and Immune Injury Mechanisms in 71 Patients with COVID-19
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Clinical Characteristics and Immune Injury Mechanisms in 71 Patients with COVID-19

    The dysregulation of CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD16+ CD56+ NK cells, C1q as well as IL-6, along with bacterial coinfection, were important causes of exacerbation of the patients’ condition and death.

    Yingjie Wu, Xiaoxing Huang, Jiaxing Sun, Tian Xie, Yufei Lei, Jamal Muhammad, Xinran Li, Xingruo Zeng, Fuling Zhou, Hong Qin, Liang Shao, Qiuping Zhang
  • Open Access
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Colonization in a Murine Model
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote Clostridioides difficile Colonization in a Murine Model

    Antibiotics are the primary risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), but other factors may also increase a person’s risk. In epidemiological studies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with CDI incidence and recurrence. PPIs have also been associated with alterations in the human intestinal microbiota in observational and...

    Sarah Tomkovich, Nicholas A. Lesniak, Yuan Li, Lucas Bishop, Madison J. Fitzgerald, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) Neutralizers of TcdB from <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span> Ribotype 027
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) Neutralizers of TcdB from Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027

    We report the engineering and characterization of designed ankyrin proteins as potent neutralizers of TcdB toxin secreted by a hypervirulent ribotype 027 strain of Clostridium difficile. We further show that although TcdB toxins from both ribotype 027 and VPI 10461 interact efficiently with TcdB receptors CSPG4 and Pvrl3, TcdB027 lacks significant ability...

    Zeyu Peng, Rudo Simeon, Samuel B. Mitchell, Junjie Zhang, Hanping Feng, Zhilei Chen
  • Open Access
    Intranasal Inoculation of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span> in Mice Produces Nasal Infection with Rapid Brain Dissemination
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intranasal Inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice Produces Nasal Infection with Rapid Brain Dissemination

    Cryptococcus neoformans causes an estimated 181, 000 deaths each year, mostly associated with untreated HIV/AIDS. C. neoformans has a ubiquitous worldwide distribution. Humans become infected from exposure to environmental sources, after which the fungus lays dormant within the human body. Upon AIDS...

    Carolina Coelho, Emma Camacho, Antonio Salas, Alexandre Alanio, Arturo Casadevall
  • Open Access
    Retrospective Analysis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection and Monochloramine Disinfection of Municipal Drinking Water in Michigan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Retrospective Analysis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection and Monochloramine Disinfection of Municipal Drinking Water in Michigan

    Infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. NTM are primarily acquired from environmental sources, including exposure to municipally treated drinking water. Higher levels of NTM have been reported in drinking water disinfected with monochloramine than in drinking water disinfected with chlorine. Our results suggest that municipal drinking water disinfection with...

    Nadine Kotlarz, Lutgarde Raskin, Madsen Zimbric, Josh Errickson, John J. LiPuma, Lindsay J. Caverly
  • Open Access
    Disarming Pore-Forming Toxins with Biomimetic Nanosponges in Intraocular Infections
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Disarming Pore-Forming Toxins with Biomimetic Nanosponges in Intraocular Infections

    Endophthalmitis is a blinding consequence of bacterial invasion of the interior of the eye. Because of increases in the numbers of ocular surgeries and intraocular injections, the incidence of endophthalmitis is steadily increasing. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis,...

    Phillip S. Coburn, Frederick C. Miller, Austin L. LaGrow, Craig Land, Huzzatul Mursalin, Erin Livingston, Omar Amayem, Yijie Chen, Weiwei Gao, Liangfang Zhang, Michelle C. Callegan
  • Open Access
    Epidemiological and Serological Investigation into the Role of Gestational Maternal Influenza Virus Infection and Autism Spectrum Disorders
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Epidemiological and Serological Investigation into the Role of Gestational Maternal Influenza Virus Infection and Autism Spectrum Disorders

    The causes of most cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unknown. Some epidemiological studies suggest that maternal gestational influenza virus infection may increase the risk of ASD in offspring. Here, we describe an analysis of a large birth cohort with results based on questionnaires that prospectively addressed subjective reports of influenza-like illness and serological assays for objective determination of influenza virus...

    Milada Mahic, Xiaoyu Che, Ezra Susser, Bruce Levin, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Per Magnus, Camilla Stoltenberg, Lokendrasingh Chauhan, Thomas Briese, Michaeline Bresnahan, Pål Surén, Mady Hornig, Siri Mjaaland, W. Ian Lipkin
  • Open Access
    Reply to Magaret and Wald, “Autism Link to Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Antibody in Pregnancy Likely To Be Spurious”
    Author Reply | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Reply to Magaret and Wald, “Autism Link to Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Antibody in Pregnancy Likely To Be Spurious”
    Milada Mahic, Siri Mjaaland, Ezra Susser, Michaeline Bresnahan, Xiaoyu Che, Bruce Levin, Mady Hornig, W. Ian Lipkin

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