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host-pathogen interactions

  • Open Access
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein

    Mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks occur in the United States despite high coverage with measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Routine genotyping of laboratory-confirmed mumps cases has been practiced in the United States since 2006 to enhance mumps surveillance. This study reports the detection of unusual mutations in the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of contemporary laboratory-confirmed mumps cases and is the first to describe the impact...

    Rita Czakó Stinnett, Andrew S. Beck, Elena N. Lopareva, Rebecca J. McNall, Donald R. Latner, Carole J. Hickman, Paul A. Rota, Bettina Bankamp
  • Open Access
    Transcriptional Profiling Suggests T Cells Cluster around Neurons Injected with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Proteins
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Transcriptional Profiling Suggests T Cells Cluster around Neurons Injected with Toxoplasma gondii Proteins

    Like other persistent intracellular pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, has evolved to evade the immune system and establish a chronic infection in specific cells and organs, including neurons in the CNS. Understanding T. gondii’s persistence in neurons holds the potential to identify novel, curative drug targets. The work presented here...

    Emily F. Merritt, Hannah J. Johnson, Zhee Sheen Wong, Adam S. Buntzman, Austin C. Conklin, Carla M. Cabral, Casey E. Romanoski, Jon P. Boyle, Anita A. Koshy
  • Open Access
    Comparative Evaluations of the Pathogenesis of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span> Phenotypes and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Candida albicans</span> Using Clinically Relevant Murine Models of Infections
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Comparative Evaluations of the Pathogenesis of Candida auris Phenotypes and Candida albicans Using Clinically Relevant Murine Models of Infections

    The newly emerged Candida species C. auris has been associated with an exponential rise in invasive disease in health care facilities worldwide with a mortality rate approaching 60%. C. auris exhibits a high level of transmissibility, multidrug resistance, and persistence in hospital...

    Taissa Vila, Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui, Hussian Ahmed, Taanya Puthran, Ahmed S. Sultan, Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span> Phenotypic Heterogeneity Determines Pathogenicity <em>In Vitro</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Candida auris Phenotypic Heterogeneity Determines Pathogenicity In Vitro

    Candida auris has recently emerged as an important cause of concern within health care environments due to its ability to persist and tolerate commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants, particularly when attached to a surface (biofilms). This yeast is able to colonize and subsequently infect patients, particularly those that are critically ill or immunosuppressed,...

    Jason L. Brown, Chris Delaney, Bryn Short, Mark C. Butcher, Emily McKloud, Craig Williams, Ryan Kean, Gordon Ramage
  • Open Access
    Host-Induced Genome Instability Rapidly Generates Phenotypic Variation across <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Strains and Ploidy States
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Host-Induced Genome Instability Rapidly Generates Phenotypic Variation across Candida albicans Strains and Ploidy States

    Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The ability to generate genetic variation is essential for adaptation and is a strategy that C. albicans and other fungal pathogens use to change their genome size. Stressful environments, including the host, induce...

    Amanda C. Smith, Meleah A. Hickman
  • Open Access
    ZupT Facilitates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Resistance to Host-Mediated Nutritional Immunity
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    ZupT Facilitates Clostridioides difficile Resistance to Host-Mediated Nutritional Immunity

    During infection, pathogenic organisms must acquire essential transition metals from the host environment. Through the process of nutritional immunity, the host employs numerous strategies to restrict these key nutrients from invading pathogens. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which the important human pathogen Clostridioides difficile resists transition-...

    Joseph P. Zackular, Reece J. Knippel, Christopher A. Lopez, William N. Beavers, C. Noel Maxwell, Walter J. Chazin, Eric P. Skaar
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: Decoding Transcriptional Regulatory Networks To Illuminate the Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenicity
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    mSphere of Influence: Decoding Transcriptional Regulatory Networks To Illuminate the Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenicity

    Sadri Znaidi works in the field of molecular mycology with a focus on functional genomics in Candida albicans. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the paper “An iron homeostasis regulatory circuit with reciprocal roles in Candida albicans commensalism and pathogenesis” by Chen...

    Sadri Znaidi
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: an Inupiat Journey in Science
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    mSphere of Influence: an Inupiat Journey in Science

    Dr. Kathryn Milligan-Myhre works in the field of host-microbe interactions. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on the people and scientific ideas that influenced her journey from a small town in Alaska to a faculty position at the University of Alaska Anchorage.

    Kathryn C. A. Milligan-Myhre
  • Open Access
    Functional Characterization of Secreted Aspartyl Proteases in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida parapsilosis</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Functional Characterization of Secreted Aspartyl Proteases in Candida parapsilosis

    Aspartyl proteases are present in various organisms and, among virulent species, are considered major virulence factors. Host tissue and cell damage, hijacking of immune responses, and hiding from innate immune cells are the most common behaviors of fungal secreted proteases enabling pathogen survival and invasion. C. parapsilosis, an opportunistic human-pathogenic...

    Dhirendra Kumar Singh, Tibor Németh, Alexandra Papp, Renáta Tóth, Szilvia Lukácsi, Olga Heidingsfeld, Jiri Dostal, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Zsuzsa Bajtay, Mihály Józsi, Attila Gácser
  • Open Access
    SAMHD1 Regulates Human Papillomavirus 16-Induced Cell Proliferation and Viral Replication during Differentiation of Keratinocytes
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    SAMHD1 Regulates Human Papillomavirus 16-Induced Cell Proliferation and Viral Replication during Differentiation of Keratinocytes

    HPVs are causative agents in human cancers and are responsible for around of 5% of all cancers. A better understanding of the viral life cycle in keratinocytes will facilitate the development of novel therapeutics to combat HPV-positive cancers. Here, we present a unique keratinocyte model to identify host proteins that specifically interact with HPV16. Using this system, we report that a cellular gene, SAMHD1, is regulated by HPV16 at...

    Claire D. James, Apurva T. Prabhakar, Raymonde Otoa, Michael R. Evans, Xu Wang, Molly L. Bristol, Kun Zhang, Renfeng Li, Iain M. Morgan

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