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genomics

  • Open Access
    Convergent Evolution Driven by Rifampin Exacerbates the Global Burden of Drug-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Convergent Evolution Driven by Rifampin Exacerbates the Global Burden of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

    Increasing antibiotic resistance in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is threatening the ability to treat patients with these infections. Recent laboratory studies suggest that mutations in the gene commonly associated with rifampin resistance may also impact susceptibility to other last-line antibiotics in...

    Romain Guérillot, Anders Gonçalves da Silva, Ian Monk, Stefano Giulieri, Takehiro Tomita, Eloise Alison, Jessica Porter, Sacha Pidot, Wei Gao, Anton Y. Peleg, Torsten Seemann, Timothy P. Stinear, Benjamin P. Howden
  • Open Access
    Dating the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus gattii</span> Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Dating the Cryptococcus gattii Dispersal to the North American Pacific Northwest

    The recent emergence of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) resulted in numerous investigations into the epidemiological and enzootic impacts, as well as multiple genomic explorations of the three primary molecular subtypes of the fungus that were discovered. These studies lead to the general conclusion that the subtypes identified...

    Chandler C. Roe, Jolene Bowers, Hanna Oltean, Emilio DeBess, Philippe J. Dufresne, Scott McBurney, David P. Overy, Bodo Wanke, Colleen Lysen, Tom Chiller, Wieland Meyer, George R. Thompson, Shawn R. Lockhart, Crystal M. Hepp, David M. Engelthaler
  • Open Access
    Gene Acquisition by a Distinct Phyletic Group within <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> Promotes Adhesion to the Ocular Epithelium
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Gene Acquisition by a Distinct Phyletic Group within Streptococcus pneumoniae Promotes Adhesion to the Ocular Epithelium

    Changes in the gene content of pathogens can modify their ability to colonize and/or survive in different body sites in the human host. In this study, we investigate a gene acquisition event and its role in the pathogenesis of Streptococccus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Our findings suggest that the gene encoding the predicted surface protein SspB has been transferred from...

    Irena Antic, Kimberly M. Brothers, Maureen Stolzer, Han Lai, Evan Powell, Rory Eutsey, Rolando A. Cuevas, Xinyu Miao, Regis P. Kowalski, Robert M. Q. Shanks, Dannie Durand, N. Luisa Hiller
  • Open Access
    Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity

    The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored...

    Emma Ransom-Jones, Alan J. McCarthy, Sam Haldenby, James Doonan, James E. McDonald
  • Open Access
    Genomic Analysis of Factors Associated with Low Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Sequence Type 95 Strains
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Genomic Analysis of Factors Associated with Low Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 95 Strains

    Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major public health concern. This work was motivated by the observation that only a small proportion of ST95 isolates, a major pandemic lineage of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, have acquired antibiotic resistance, in contrast to many other pandemic lineages. Understanding bacterial genetic factors that may...

    Craig M. Stephens, Sheila Adams-Sapper, Manraj Sekhon, James R. Johnson, Lee W. Riley
  • Open Access
    DNA from Dust: Comparative Genomics of Large DNA Viruses in Field Surveillance Samples
    Resource Report | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    DNA from Dust: Comparative Genomics of Large DNA Viruses in Field Surveillance Samples

    Despite both clinical and laboratory data that show increased virulence in field isolates of MDV-1 over the last half century, we do not yet understand the genetic basis of its pathogenicity. Our knowledge of genome-wide variation between strains of this virus comes exclusively from isolates that have been cultured in the laboratory. MDV-1 isolates tend to lose virulence during repeated cycles of replication in the laboratory, raising...

    Utsav Pandey, Andrew S. Bell, Daniel W. Renner, David A. Kennedy, Jacob T. Shreve, Chris L. Cairns, Matthew J. Jones, Patricia A. Dunn, Andrew F. Read, Moriah L. Szpara
  • Open Access
    Population Genomics of Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Population Genomics of Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus

    The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens are two of the gravest threats to public health facing the world today. We report the development and application of a novel population genomic technique aimed at uncovering the evolutionary dynamics and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. This method was...

    Lavanya Rishishwar, Colleen S. Kraft, I. King Jordan
  • Open Access
    Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line

    Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for zoonotic viral pathogens; however, tools to dissect bat-virus interactions are limited in availability. This study serendipitously identified, in an established bat cell line, a fully replication-competent gammaherpesvirus; determined the complete genome sequence of the virus; and generated a viral transcript map. This virus can replicate in select human and nonhuman primate cell lines...

    Reed S. Shabman, Susmita Shrivastava, Tshidi Tsibane, Oliver Attie, Anitha Jayaprakash, Chad E. Mire, Kari E. Dilley, Vinita Puri, Timothy B. Stockwell, Thomas W. Geisbert, Ravi Sachidanandam, Christopher F. Basler

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