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    • Latest Articles
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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
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evolutionary biology

  • Open Access
    Genetic Markers of Adaptation of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Plasmodium falciparum</span> to Transmission by American Vectors Identified in the Genomes of Parasites from Haiti and South America
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Genetic Markers of Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to Transmission by American Vectors Identified in the Genomes of Parasites from Haiti and South America

    Historical data suggest that millions of P. falciparum parasite lineages were introduced into the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which would suggest a paraphyletic origin of the extant isolates in the Western Hemisphere. Our analyses of whole-genome variants show that the American parasites belong to a well-supported monophyletic clade. We hypothesize...

    Massimiliano S. Tagliamonte, Charles A. Yowell, Maha A. Elbadry, Jacques Boncy, Christian P. Raccurt, Bernard A. Okech, Erica M. Goss, Marco Salemi, John B. Dame
  • Open Access
    Origin of OXA-23 Variant OXA-239 from a Recently Emerged Lineage of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> International Clone V
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Origin of OXA-23 Variant OXA-239 from a Recently Emerged Lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone V

    A. baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections all over the world. Although many isolates from developed countries have been studied in terms of their genome sequence, isolates from Latin America have been much less studied. In this study, using a population genomics approach considering the whole genomes of 148 isolates, we describe the recent emergence of...

    Lucia Graña-Miraglia, Benjamin A. Evans, Luis E. López-Jácome, Melissa Hernández-Durán, Claudia Adriana Colín-Castro, Patricia Volkow-Fernández, Miguel A. Cevallos, Rafael Franco-Cendejas, Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
  • Open Access
    Experimental Evidence for Adaptation to Species-Specific Gut Microbiota in House Mice
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Experimental Evidence for Adaptation to Species-Specific Gut Microbiota in House Mice

    The communities of bacteria that reside within mammalian guts are deeply integrated with their hosts, but the impact of this gut microbiota on mammalian evolution remains poorly understood. Experimental transplantation of the gut microbiota between mouse species revealed that foreign gut microbiotas lowered the host growth rate and upregulated the expression of an immunomodulating cytokine. In addition, foreign gut microbiotas increased...

    Andrew H. Moeller, João C. Gomes-Neto, Sara Mantz, Hatem Kittana, Rafael R. Segura Munoz, Robert J. Schmaltz, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Michael W. Nachman
  • Open Access
    The Cloacal Microbiome of Five Wild Duck Species Varies by Species and Influenza A Virus Infection Status
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Cloacal Microbiome of Five Wild Duck Species Varies by Species and Influenza A Virus Infection Status

    Waterfowl are natural reservoir species for influenza A virus (IAV). Thus, they maintain high levels of pathogen diversity, are asymptomatic to the infection, and also contribute to the risk of a global influenza pandemic. An individual’s microbiome is a critical part in how a vertebrate manages pathogens and illness. Here, we describe the cloacal microbiome of 300 wild ducks, from five species (four with previously undescribed...

    Sarah M. Hird, Holly Ganz, Jonathan A. Eisen, Walter M. Boyce
  • Open Access
    Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species <em>Mycobacterium uberis</em>, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species Mycobacterium uberis, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli

    M. uberis is an emerging skin pathogen in dairy animals. Its genome underwent massive reduction and gene decay, leading to a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle, which highly resembles the evolution of the leprosy agents M. leprae and...

    Andrej Benjak, Charlotte Avanzi, Yvonne Benito, Franck Breysse, Christophe Chartier, Maria-Laura Boschiroli, Christine Fourichon, Lorraine Michelet, Didier Pin, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Pierre Bruyere, Oana Dumitrescu, Stewart T. Cole, Gerard Lina
  • Open Access
    Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear

    Cross-species transmission of viral pathogens is becoming an increasing problem for captive-animal facilities. This study highlights how animals in captivity are vulnerable to novel opportunistic pathogens, many of which do not result in straightforward diagnosis from symptoms and histopathology. In this study, a novel pathogen was suspected to have contributed to the death of a juvenile polar bear. HTS techniques were employed, and a...

    Anisha Dayaram, Kyriakos Tsangaras, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Walid Azab, Nicole Groenke, Gudrun Wibbelt, Florian Sicks, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Alex D. Greenwood
  • Open Access
    Experimental Evolution as a High-Throughput Screen for Genetic Adaptations
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Experimental Evolution as a High-Throughput Screen for Genetic Adaptations

    Experimental evolution is a method in which populations of organisms, often microbes, are founded by one or more ancestors of known genotype and then propagated under controlled conditions to study the evolutionary process. These evolving populations are influenced by all population genetic forces, including selection, mutation, drift, and recombination, and the relative contributions of these forces may be seen as mysterious.

    ...
    Vaughn S. Cooper
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