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colonization resistance

  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiota Predict <em>Enterococcus</em> Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant <em>Enterococcus</em> Acquisition
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gut Microbiota Predict Enterococcus Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Acquisition

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that VRE causes an estimated 54,000 infections and 539 million dollars in attributable health care costs annually. Despite improvements in hand washing, environmental cleaning, and antibiotic use, VRE is still prevalent in many hospitals. There is a pressing need to better understand the processes by which patients acquire VRE. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intestinal...

    Rishi Chanderraj, Christopher A. Brown, Kevin Hinkle, Nicole Falkowski, Piyush Ranjan, Robert P. Dickson, Robert J. Woods
  • Open Access
    Identification of Simplified Microbial Communities That Inhibit <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Infection through Dilution/Extinction
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Identification of Simplified Microbial Communities That Inhibit Clostridioides difficile Infection through Dilution/Extinction

    Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a significant health care burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation is highly effective at treating recurrent C. difficile disease; however, uncertainties about the undefined composition of fecal material and...

    Jennifer M. Auchtung, Eva C. Preisner, James Collins, Armando I. Lerma, Robert A. Britton
  • Open Access
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Colonization in a Murine Model
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote Clostridioides difficile Colonization in a Murine Model

    Antibiotics are the primary risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), but other factors may also increase a person’s risk. In epidemiological studies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with CDI incidence and recurrence. PPIs have also been associated with alterations in the human intestinal microbiota in observational and...

    Sarah Tomkovich, Nicholas A. Lesniak, Yuan Li, Lucas Bishop, Madison J. Fitzgerald, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Clearance of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span> Infection Independent of Adaptive Immunity
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Clearance of Clostridium difficile Infection Independent of Adaptive Immunity

    Clostridium difficile infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in the United States. Currently, the role of the adaptive immune response in modulating levels of C. difficile colonization is unresolved. This work suggests that the indigenous gut microbiota is a...

    Jhansi L. Leslie, Kimberly C. Vendrov, Matthew L. Jenior, Vincent B. Young
  • Open Access
    <em>Clostridium difficile</em> Alters the Structure and Metabolism of Distinct Cecal Microbiomes during Initial Infection To Promote Sustained Colonization
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Clostridium difficile Alters the Structure and Metabolism of Distinct Cecal Microbiomes during Initial Infection To Promote Sustained Colonization

    Clostridium difficile has become the most common single cause of hospital-acquired infection over the last decade in the United States. Colonization resistance to the nosocomial pathogen is primarily provided by the gut microbiota, which is also involved in clearing the infection as the community recovers from perturbation. As distinct antibiotics are associated with...

    Matthew L. Jenior, Jhansi L. Leslie, Vincent B. Young, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Alter Secondary Bile Acid Production and Allow for <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span> Spore Germination and Outgrowth in the Large Intestine
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Alter Secondary Bile Acid Production and Allow for Clostridium difficile Spore Germination and Outgrowth in the Large Intestine

    Antibiotics alter the gastrointestinal microbiota, allowing for Clostridium difficile infection, which is a significant public health problem. Changes in the structure of the gut microbiota alter the metabolome, specifically the production of secondary bile acids. Specific bile acids are able to initiate C...

    Casey M. Theriot, Alison A. Bowman, Vincent B. Young
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