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Clostridium difficile

  • Open Access
    The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Clearance in Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence Clostridioides difficile Clearance in Mice

    Clostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are...

    Sarah Tomkovich, Joshua M. A. Stough, Lucas Bishop, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    Redefining the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> σ<sup>B</sup> Regulon: σ<sup>B</sup> Activates Genes Involved in Detoxifying Radicals That Can Result from the Exposure to Antimicrobials and Hydrogen Peroxide
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Redefining the Clostridioides difficile σB Regulon: σB Activates Genes Involved in Detoxifying Radicals That Can Result from the Exposure to Antimicrobials and Hydrogen Peroxide

    Sigma B is the alternative sigma factor governing stress response in many Gram-positive bacteria. In C. difficile, a sigB mutant shows pleiotropic transcriptional effects. Here, we determine genes that are likely direct targets of σB by evaluating the transcriptional effects of σB overproduction, provide biochemical evidence of direct...

    Ilse M. Boekhoud, Annika-Marisa Michel, Jeroen Corver, Dieter Jahn, Wiep Klaas Smits
  • Open Access
    Architecture and Self-Assembly of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium sporogenes</span> and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Clostridium botulinum</span> Spore Surfaces Illustrate a General Protective Strategy across Spore Formers
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Architecture and Self-Assembly of Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium botulinum Spore Surfaces Illustrate a General Protective Strategy across Spore Formers

    Bacteria such as those causing botulism and anthrax survive harsh conditions and spread disease as spores. Distantly related species have similar spore architectures with protective proteinaceous layers aiding adhesion and targeting. The structures that confer these common properties are largely unstudied, and the proteins involved can be very dissimilar in sequence. We identify CsxA as a cysteine-rich protein that self-assembles in a...

    Thamarai K. Janganan, Nic Mullin, Ainhoa Dafis-Sagarmendi, Jason Brunt, Svetomir B. Tzokov, Sandra Stringer, Anne Moir, Roy R. Chaudhuri, Robert P. Fagan, Jamie K. Hobbs, Per A. Bullough
  • Open Access
    Genetic Association Reveals Protection against Recurrence of <em>Clostridium difficile</em> Infection with Bezlotoxumab Treatment
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genetic Association Reveals Protection against Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection with Bezlotoxumab Treatment

    Clostridium difficile infection is associated with significant clinical morbidity and mortality; antibacterial treatments are effective, but recurrence of C. difficile infection is common. In this genome-wide association study, we explored whether host genetic variability affected treatment...

    Judong Shen, Devan V. Mehrotra, Mary Beth Dorr, Zhen Zeng, Junhua Li, Xun Xu, David Nickle, Emily R. Holzinger, Aparna Chhibber, Mark H. Wilcox, Rebecca L. Blanchard, Peter M. Shaw
  • Open Access
    ZupT Facilitates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Resistance to Host-Mediated Nutritional Immunity
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    ZupT Facilitates Clostridioides difficile Resistance to Host-Mediated Nutritional Immunity

    During infection, pathogenic organisms must acquire essential transition metals from the host environment. Through the process of nutritional immunity, the host employs numerous strategies to restrict these key nutrients from invading pathogens. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which the important human pathogen Clostridioides difficile resists transition-...

    Joseph P. Zackular, Reece J. Knippel, Christopher A. Lopez, William N. Beavers, C. Noel Maxwell, Walter J. Chazin, Eric P. Skaar
  • Open Access
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Colonization in a Murine Model
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Does Not Promote Clostridioides difficile Colonization in a Murine Model

    Antibiotics are the primary risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), but other factors may also increase a person’s risk. In epidemiological studies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been associated with CDI incidence and recurrence. PPIs have also been associated with alterations in the human intestinal microbiota in observational and...

    Sarah Tomkovich, Nicholas A. Lesniak, Yuan Li, Lucas Bishop, Madison J. Fitzgerald, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    Outbreak of Murine Infection with <em>Clostridium difficile</em> Associated with the Administration of a Pre- and Perinatal Methyl Donor Diet
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Outbreak of Murine Infection with Clostridium difficile Associated with the Administration of a Pre- and Perinatal Methyl Donor Diet

    Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals worldwide, owing its preeminence to the emergence of hyperendemic strains, such as ribotype 027 (RT027). A major CDI risk factor is antibiotic exposure, which alters gut microbiota, resulting in the loss of colonization resistance. Current murine models of CDI also...

    Theresa Mau, Samantha S. Eckley, Ingrid L. Bergin, Katie Saund, Jason S. Villano, Kimberly C. Vendrov, Evan S. Snitkin, Vincent B. Young, Raymond Yung
  • Open Access
    The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Clearance of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span> Infection Independent of Adaptive Immunity
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Clearance of Clostridium difficile Infection Independent of Adaptive Immunity

    Clostridium difficile infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in the United States. Currently, the role of the adaptive immune response in modulating levels of C. difficile colonization is unresolved. This work suggests that the indigenous gut microbiota is a...

    Jhansi L. Leslie, Kimberly C. Vendrov, Matthew L. Jenior, Vincent B. Young
  • Open Access
    Cyclic Diguanylate Regulates Virulence Factor Genes via Multiple Riboswitches in <em>Clostridium difficile</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Cyclic Diguanylate Regulates Virulence Factor Genes via Multiple Riboswitches in Clostridium difficile

    In Clostridium difficile, the signaling molecule c-di-GMP regulates multiple processes affecting its ability to cause disease, including swimming and surface motility, biofilm formation, toxin production, and intestinal colonization. In this study, we used RNA-seq to define the transcriptional regulon of c-di-GMP in...

    Robert W. McKee, Carissa K. Harvest, Rita Tamayo
  • Open Access
    Germinant Synergy Facilitates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium difficile</span> Spore Germination under Physiological Conditions
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Germinant Synergy Facilitates Clostridium difficile Spore Germination under Physiological Conditions

    Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming human pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. Germination of infectious spores is the first step in the development of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after ingestion and passage through the stomach. This...

    Travis J. Kochan, Michelle S. Shoshiev, Jessica L. Hastie, Madeline J. Somers, Yael M. Plotnick, Daniela F. Gutierrez-Munoz, Elissa D. Foss, Alyxandria M. Schubert, Ashley D. Smith, Sally K. Zimmerman, Paul E. Carlson, Philip C. Hanna

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