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    • Archive
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chronic infection

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Aspergillus fumigatus</span> Strain-Specific Conidia Lung Persistence Causes an Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis-Like Disease Phenotype
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Aspergillus fumigatus Strain-Specific Conidia Lung Persistence Causes an Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis-Like Disease Phenotype

    Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients often present with long-term colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus. Current understanding of ABPA pathogenesis has been complicated by a lack of long-term in vivo fungal persistence models.

    Jane T. Jones, Ko-Wei Liu, Xi Wang, Caitlin H. Kowalski, Brandon S. Ross, Kathleen A. M. Mills, Joshua D. Kerkaert, Tobias M. Hohl, Lotus A. Lofgren, Jason E. Stajich, Joshua J. Obar, Robert A. Cramer
  • Open Access
    Acquisition of Host Cytosolic Protein by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Bradyzoites
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Acquisition of Host Cytosolic Protein by Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites

    Chronic infection of humans with Toxoplasma gondii is common, but little is known about how this intracellular parasite obtains the resources that it needs to persist indefinitely inside neurons and muscle cells. Here, we provide evidence that the chronic-stage form of T. gondii can internalize...

    Geetha Kannan, Pariyamon Thaprawat, Tracey L. Schultz, Vern B. Carruthers
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Volatilome Characteristics and Adaptations in Chronic Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Volatilome Characteristics and Adaptations in Chronic Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF), which are correlated with lung function decline. Significant clinical efforts are therefore aimed at detecting infections and tracking them for phenotypic changes, such as mucoidy and antibiotic resistance. Both the detection and tracking of lung infections rely on sputum...

    Trenton J. Davis, Ava V. Karanjia, Charity N. Bhebhe, Sarah B. West, Matthew Richardson, Heather D. Bean
  • Open Access
    Phosphorylation of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> Secreted Proteins during Acute and Chronic Stages of Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Phosphorylation of Toxoplasma gondii Secreted Proteins during Acute and Chronic Stages of Infection

    Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite that infects up to one-third of the human population. Initially, the parasite grows rapidly, infecting and destroying cells of the host, but subsequently switches to a slow-growing form and establishes chronic infection. In both stages, the parasite lives within a membrane-bound vacuole within the host cell, but in the chronic...

    Joanna C. Young, Malgorzata Broncel, Helena Teague, Matt R. G. Russell, Olivia L. McGovern, Matt Renshaw, David Frith, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Lucy Collinson, Vern B. Carruthers, Sarah E. Ewald, Moritz Treeck
  • Open Access
    An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    An Important Role for CD4+ T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3

    Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite of animals that causes zoonotic infections in humans. Although healthy individuals generally control the infection with only moderate symptoms, it causes serious illness in newborns and those with compromised immune systems such as HIV-infected AIDS patients. Because rodents are natural hosts for...

    Roxane Tussiwand, Michael S. Behnke, Nicole M. Kretzer, Gary E. Grajales-Reyes, Theresa L. Murphy, Robert D. Schreiber, Kenneth M. Murphy, L. David Sibley
  • Open Access
    Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin Colocalizes with the Toxoplasma gondii Cyst Wall Glycoprotein CST1

    Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is maintained in the central nervous system by thick-walled cysts. If host immunity wanes, cysts recrudesce and cause severe and often lethal toxoplasmic encephalitis. Currently, there are no therapies to eliminate cysts, and little biological information is available regarding cyst structure(s). Here, we investigated cyst wall...

    Rebekah B. Guevara, Barbara A. Fox, David J. Bzik
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Regulate Maturation of the Cyst Wall
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    Toxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Regulate Maturation of the Cyst Wall

    Toxoplasma gondii establishes chronic infection in humans by forming thick-walled cysts that persist in the brain. Once host immunity wanes, cysts reactivate to cause severe, and often lethal, toxoplasmic encephalitis. There is no available therapy to eliminate cysts or to prevent their reactivation. Furthermore, how the cyst membrane and cyst wall structures develop...

    Rebekah B. Guevara, Barbara A. Fox, David J. Bzik
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Intravacuolar-Network-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Regulate Maturation of the Cyst Matrix and Cyst Wall
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Toxoplasma gondii Intravacuolar-Network-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Regulate Maturation of the Cyst Matrix and Cyst Wall

    Toxoplasma gondii establishes chronic infection in humans by forming thick-walled cysts that persist in the brain. If host immunity wanes, cysts reactivate to cause severe, and often lethal, toxoplasmic encephalitis. There is no available therapy to eliminate cysts or to prevent their reactivation. Moreover, how the vital and characteristic cyst matrix and cyst wall...

    Rebekah B. Guevara, Barbara A. Fox, Alejandra Falla, David J. Bzik
  • Open Access
    Vitamin E Increases Antimicrobial Sensitivity by Inhibiting Bacterial Lipocalin Antibiotic Binding
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Vitamin E Increases Antimicrobial Sensitivity by Inhibiting Bacterial Lipocalin Antibiotic Binding

    Bacteria exposed to stress mediated by sublethal antibiotic concentrations respond by adaptive mechanisms leading to an overall increase of antibiotic resistance. One of these mechanisms involves the release of bacterial proteins called lipocalins, which have the ability to sequester antibiotics in the extracellular space before they reach bacterial cells. We speculated that interfering with lipocalin-mediated antibiotic binding could...

    Marwa M. Naguib, Miguel A. Valvano
  • Open Access
    A High-Throughput Screening Approach To Repurpose FDA-Approved Drugs for Bactericidal Applications against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Small-Colony Variants
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    A High-Throughput Screening Approach To Repurpose FDA-Approved Drugs for Bactericidal Applications against Staphylococcus aureus Small-Colony Variants

    Conventional antibiotics fail to successfully treat chronic osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and device-related and airway infections. These recurring infections are associated with the emergence of SCV, which are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics. Studies have investigated antibiotic therapies to treat SCV-related infections but have had little success, emphasizing the need to identify novel antimicrobial drugs. However, drug...

    Ryan P. Trombetta, Paul M. Dunman, Edward M. Schwarz, Stephen L. Kates, Hani A. Awad

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