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    • Latest Articles
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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
  • Topics
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bacteria

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Escherichia coli Genomic Diversity within Extraintestinal Acute Infections Argues for Adaptive Evolution at Play

    Little is known about the dynamics of adaptation in acute bacterial infections. By sequencing multiple isolates from monoclonal extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections in several patients, we were able to uncover traces of selection taking place at short time scales compared to chronic infection.

    Antoine Bridier-Nahmias, Adrien Launay, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Mélanie Magnan, Violaine Walewski, Jérémie Chatel, Sara Dion, Véronique Robbe-Saule, Olivier Clermont, Françoise Norel, Erick Denamur, Olivier Tenaillon
  • Open Access
    20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Anopheles gambiae</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in Anopheles gambiae

    Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity,...

    Rebekah A. Reynolds, Hyeogsun Kwon, Ryan C. Smith
  • Open Access
    A Common Food Glycan, Pectin, Shares an Antigen with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> Capsule
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Common Food Glycan, Pectin, Shares an Antigen with Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsule

    The impact of food consumption on vaccine responses is unknown. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is an important human pathogen, and its polysaccharide capsule is used as a vaccine. We show that capsule type 10A in a pneumococcal vaccine shares an antigenic epitope, βGal(1-6), with pectin, which is in many plant foods and is widely consumed. Immune response...

    Moon H. Nahm, Jigui Yu, Jiri Vlach, Maor Bar-Peled
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiomes of the Eastern Oyster (<em>Crassostrea virginica</em>) and the Blue Mussel (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>): Temporal Variation and the Influence of Marine Aggregate-Associated Microbial Communities
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Gut Microbiomes of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis): Temporal Variation and the Influence of Marine Aggregate-Associated Microbial Communities

    This work investigates the influence that extrinsic factors, diet, and the environment can have on the microbiomes of shellfish. Over the course of a year, the gut microbial communities of two species of bivalves, oysters and mussels, held under identical conditions in coastal marine waters were compared. While the mussels and oysters harbored gut microbial communities with similar composition, on a functional level, they exhibited...

    Melissa L. Pierce, J. Evan Ward
  • Open Access
    Validating DNA Extraction Protocols for Bentonite Clay
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Validating DNA Extraction Protocols for Bentonite Clay

    Extraction of microbial DNA from MX-80 bentonite is challenging due to low biomass and adsorption of nucleic acid molecules to the charged clay matrix. Blocking agents improve DNA recovery, but their impact on microbial community profiles from low-biomass samples has not been characterized well. In this study, we evaluated the effect of casein and phosphate as blocking agents for quantitative recovery of nucleic acids from MX-80...

    Katja Engel, Sara Coyotzi, Melody A. Vachon, Jennifer R. McKelvie, Josh D. Neufeld
  • Open Access
    Antibiotics Enhance Prevention and Eradication Efficacy of Cathodic-Voltage-Controlled Electrical Stimulation against Titanium-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Biofilms
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Antibiotics Enhance Prevention and Eradication Efficacy of Cathodic-Voltage-Controlled Electrical Stimulation against Titanium-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

    Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) develop clinically in the presence of antibiotic therapies and are responsible for increased patient morbidity and rising health care costs. Many of these infections involve bacterial biofilm formation on orthopedic hardware, and it has been well established that these biofilms are refractory to most antibiotic treatments. Recent studies have focused on novel methods to prevent and eradicate...

    Mary K. Canty, Lisa A. Hansen, Menachem Tobias, Sandy Spencer, Terry Henry, Nicole R. Luke-Marshall, Anthony A. Campagnari, Mark T. Ehrensberger
  • Open Access
    Bacterial Stabilization of a Panel of Picornaviruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Bacterial Stabilization of a Panel of Picornaviruses

    Recent studies have shown that bacteria promote infection and stabilization of poliovirus particles, but the breadth of these effects on other members of the Picornaviridae family is unknown. Here, we compared the effects of bacteria on four distinct members of the Picornaviridae family. We found that bacteria reduced inactivation of all of the viruses during bleach treatment, but not all viral strains were stabilized...

    Elizabeth R. Aguilera, Y Nguyen, Jun Sasaki, Julie K. Pfeiffer
  • Open Access
    Emergence of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM-5) in <em>Klebsiella quasipneumoniae</em> from Neonates in a Nigerian Hospital
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Emergence of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM-5) in Klebsiella quasipneumoniae from Neonates in a Nigerian Hospital

    Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is of global health importance, yet there is a paucity of genome-based studies in Africa. Here we report fatal blood-borne NDM-5-producing K. quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae infections from Nigeria, Africa. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (...

    Lauren M. Brinkac, Richard White, Roshan D’Souza, Kevin Nguyen, Stephen K. Obaro, Derrick E. Fouts
  • Open Access
    Microbial Community Succession and Nutrient Cycling Responses following Perturbations of Experimental Saltwater Aquaria
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Microbial Community Succession and Nutrient Cycling Responses following Perturbations of Experimental Saltwater Aquaria

    Saltwater aquaria are living systems that support a complex biological community of fish, invertebrates, and microbes. The health and maintenance of saltwater tanks are pressing concerns for home hobbyists, zoos, and professionals in the aquarium trade; however, we do not yet understand the underlying microbial species interactions and community dynamics which contribute to tank setup and conditioning. This report provides a detailed...

    Holly M. Bik, Alexandra Alexiev, Sabreen K. Aulakh, Lakshmi Bharadwaj, Jennifer Flanagan, John M. Haggerty, Sarah M. Hird, Guillaume Jospin, Jenna M. Lang, Laura A. Sauder, Josh D. Neufeld, Andrew Shaver, Akshay Sethi, Jonathan A. Eisen, David A. Coil
  • Open Access
    Genome-Wide Association Analyses in the Model Rhizobium <em>Ensifer meliloti</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genome-Wide Association Analyses in the Model Rhizobium Ensifer meliloti

    Genome-wide association analyses are a powerful approach for identifying gene function. These analyses are becoming commonplace in studies of humans, domesticated animals, and crop plants but have rarely been conducted in bacteria. We applied association analyses to 20 traits measured in Ensifer meliloti, an agriculturally and ecologically important bacterium because...

    Brendan Epstein, Reda A. I. Abou-Shanab, Abdelaal Shamseldin, Margaret R. Taylor, Joseph Guhlin, Liana T. Burghardt, Matthew Nelson, Michael J. Sadowsky, Peter Tiffin

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