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antimicrobial resistance

  • Open Access
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States

    Understanding the genetic mechanisms conferring resistance is critical to design informed control and preventive measures, particularly when involving critically important antimicrobial classes such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The genetic determinants of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance were highly diverse, with multiple plasmids, insertion sequences, and genes playing key...

    Shivdeep Singh Hayer, Seunghyun Lim, Samuel Hong, Ehud Elnekave, Timothy Johnson, Albert Rovira, Fabio Vannucci, Jonathan B. Clayton, Andres Perez, Julio Alvarez
  • Open Access
    Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Shigella sonnei</span> and Local Persistence of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">S. flexneri</span> Clones in India
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India

    Shigella is the second leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. This has been categorized as a priority pathogen among enteric bacteria by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently, S. sonnei seems to be replacing S....

    Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel, Ankur Mutreja, Agila Kumari Pragasam, Karthick Vasudevan, Dhivya Murugan, Shalini Anandan, Joy Sarojini Michael, Kamini Walia, Balaji Veeraraghavan
  • Open Access
    A Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Resistant and Carbapenem-Susceptible <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Strain Harboring <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-14</sub> Isolated in New York City
    Editor's Pick Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Resistant and Carbapenem-Susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Harboring blaKPC-14 Isolated in New York City

    KPC is currently the most common carbapenemase identified in the United States. More than 40 KPC variants have been described, of which KPC-2 and KPC-3 are the most frequent clinical variants. However, our understanding of the genetic structures and β-lactam resistance profiles of other novel KPC variants remains incomplete. Here, we report a novel blaKPC variant (blaKPC-14) and the complete...

    Siqiang Niu, Kalyan D. Chavda, Jie Wei, Chunhong Zou, Steven H. Marshall, Puneet Dhawan, Deqiang Wang, Robert A. Bonomo, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Liang Chen
  • Open Access
    Tracking of Antibiotic Resistance Transfer and Rapid Plasmid Evolution in a Hospital Setting by Nanopore Sequencing
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Tracking of Antibiotic Resistance Transfer and Rapid Plasmid Evolution in a Hospital Setting by Nanopore Sequencing

    Infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to global health. While the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial clones is frequently studied in the hospital setting, surveillance of the transfer of mobile genetic elements between different bacterial species was difficult until recent advances in sequencing technologies. Nanopore sequencing technology was applied to track antimicrobial gene transfer in a long-...

    Silke Peter, Mattia Bosio, Caspar Gross, Daniela Bezdan, Javier Gutierrez, Philipp Oberhettinger, Jan Liese, Wichard Vogel, Daniela Dörfel, Lennard Berger, Matthias Marschal, Matthias Willmann, Ivo Gut, Marta Gut, Ingo Autenrieth, Stephan Ossowski
  • Open Access
    A Race against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in <em>Salmonella enterica</em> Serovar Typhi in Pakistan
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Race against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Pakistan

    The emergence of XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan has left azithromycin as the only viable oral treatment option. Here, we report the detection of an azithromycin resistance-associated mutation in one S. Typhi isolate. This finding is important because any possible spread of azithromycin resistance in S. Typhi isolates would make it nearly impossible to treat in outpatient settings due to the need of...

    Junaid Iqbal, Irum F. Dehraj, Megan E. Carey, Zoe A. Dyson, Denise Garrett, Jessica C. Seidman, Furqan Kabir, Senjuti Saha, Stephen Baker, Farah N. Qamar
  • Open Access
    Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance from <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baylyi</span> to <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Escherichia coli</span> on Lettuce and Subsequent Antibiotic Resistance Transmission to the Gut Microbiome
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance from Acinetobacter baylyi to Escherichia coli on Lettuce and Subsequent Antibiotic Resistance Transmission to the Gut Microbiome

    Previous efforts have correlated antibiotic-fed livestock and meat products with respective antibiotic resistance genes, but virtually no research has been conducted on the transmission of antibiotic resistance from plant foods to the mammalian gut (C. S. Hölzel, J. L. Tetens, and K. Schwaiger, Pathog Dis 15:671–688, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2501; C. M. Liu et al., mBio 9...

    Marlène Maeusli, Bosul Lee, Sarah Miller, Zeferino Reyna, Peggy Lu, Jun Yan, Amber Ulhaq, Nicholas Skandalis, Brad Spellberg, Brian Luna
  • Open Access
    Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Newport in China
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport in China

    Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport generally lead to gastrointestinal diseases. These infections are normally self-limiting; however, in certain cases, broad-spectrum antimicrobials are prescribed for the treatment. The Chinese National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network has reported a gradual increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant S. Newport infections in humans. After careful evaluation of...

    Narayan Paudyal, Hang Pan, Beibei Wu, Xiao Zhou, Xin Zhou, Wenqing Chai, Qingqing Wu, Shuning Li, Fang Li, Guimin Gu, Haoqiu Wang, Qinghua Hu, Xuebin Xu, Yan Li, Min Yue
  • Open Access
    Comparative Analysis of AbaR-Type Genomic Islands Reveals Distinct Patterns of Genetic Features in Elements with Different Backbones
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Comparative Analysis of AbaR-Type Genomic Islands Reveals Distinct Patterns of Genetic Features in Elements with Different Backbones

    AbaR-type genomic islands (AbaRs) are well-known elements that can cause antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. These elements contain diverse and complex genetic configurations involving different but related backbones with acquisition of diverse mobile genetic elements and antimicrobial resistance genes. Understanding their structural diversity is far...

    Dexi Bi, Jiayi Zheng, Ruting Xie, Yin Zhu, Rong Wei, Hong-Yu Ou, Qing Wei, Huanlong Qin
  • Open Access
    Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong

    Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are of global health importance, yet there is a paucity of surveillance studies on food animals in Hong Kong. Here, we report a high prevalence of ESBL-E (ranging from 0.5% to 52.4%) and CPE (0% to 9.9%) from various food animal samples procured from wet markets across Hong Kong. All CPE strains were...

    Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte, Carmen Li, Chendi Zhu, Priyanga Dharmaratne, Kam Tak Wong, Norman Lo, Margaret Ip
  • Open Access
    Multiple Bactericidal Mechanisms of the Zinc Ionophore PBT2
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Multiple Bactericidal Mechanisms of the Zinc Ionophore PBT2

    More antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals than in humans, and the extensive use of medically important human antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the elimination of antimicrobial crossover between human and veterinary medicine is of great interest. Unfortunately, the development of new antimicrobials is an expensive high-risk process fraught with...

    Nichaela Harbison-Price, Scott A. Ferguson, Adam Heikal, George Taiaroa, Kiel Hards, Yoshio Nakatani, David Rennison, Margaret A. Brimble, Ibrahim M. El-Deeb, Lisa Bohlmann, Christopher A. McDevitt, Mark von Itzstein, Mark J. Walker, Gregory M. Cook

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