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Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology

Multilaboratory Comparison of Pneumococcal Multiplex Immunoassays Used in Immunosurveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae across Europe

Bob Meek, Nina Ekström, Bjørn Kantsø, Rachael Almond, Jamie Findlow, Jenna F. Gritzfeld, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Karl Ljungberg, Fredrik Atterfelt, Manou R. Batstra, Kevin Andeweg, Ben A. W. de Jong, Harry E. Prince, Mary Lapé-Nixon, Pieter G. M. Gageldonk, Irina Tcherniaeva, Ingeborg Aaberge, Tove Karin Herstad, Merit Melin, Ger T. Rijkers, Guy A. Berbers
Drusilla L. Burns, Editor
Bob Meek
aMedical Microbiology & Immunology Department, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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  • ORCID record for Bob Meek
Nina Ekström
bNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Bjørn Kantsø
cStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rachael Almond
dPublic Health England, Public Health Laboratory, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jamie Findlow
dPublic Health England, Public Health Laboratory, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jenna F. Gritzfeld
dPublic Health England, Public Health Laboratory, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen
cStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Karl Ljungberg
ePublic Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fredrik Atterfelt
ePublic Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
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Manou R. Batstra
fReinier HAGA MDC, Delft, The Netherlands
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Kevin Andeweg
fReinier HAGA MDC, Delft, The Netherlands
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Ben A. W. de Jong
aMedical Microbiology & Immunology Department, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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Harry E. Prince
hQuest Diagnostics Infectious Disease, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
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Mary Lapé-Nixon
hQuest Diagnostics Infectious Disease, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
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Pieter G. M. Gageldonk
gNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Irina Tcherniaeva
gNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Ingeborg Aaberge
iNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Tove Karin Herstad
iNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Merit Melin
bNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Ger T. Rijkers
aMedical Microbiology & Immunology Department, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
jUniversity College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands
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Guy A. Berbers
gNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Drusilla L. Burns
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00455-19
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  • FIG 1
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    FIG 1

    Box plots by serotype and laboratory (I to XII) for ratios of IgG antibody concentrations (micrograms per milliliter) determined by MIA or EIA to the assigned IgG concentrations by WHO. The hinges and the horizontal line of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles and the median, respectively, and the red asterisks signify means. The size of the box, coupled with the whiskers, is a direct indicator of the within-laboratory variability of the bias corresponding to the MIA/EIA ratios. The circles correspond to outlying assay values. The positioning of the boxes around the dotted, ideal line with a coefficient of 1 for a given serotype across all laboratories is an indicator of the between-laboratory variability. Results from laboratories I to IX were determined by MIA and results from laboratories X, XI, and XII by the WHO EIA. The number of samples analyzed per serotype was 13.

  • FIG 2
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    FIG 2

    Linear regression analysis panels for each serotype, with a different line for each laboratory (I to IX). In total, 13 samples with assigned concentrations were tested: 12 sera from WHO panel B and sample 007sp. Each dot represents the mean of results of 2 or 3 measurements of each sample. The color code of each laboratory is indicated. The line of identity is marked in black. Corresponding data representing outcomes of the linear regression analysis (slope/confidence intervals) can be found in Table S2. Laboratory II did not submit data for serotype 3 and 19A, and laboratories I to II and VIII did not submit data for serotype 6A. All values are in micrograms per milliliter (log transformed).

Tables

  • Figures
  • Supplemental Material
  • TABLE 1

    Comparison of IgG concentrations determined by MIA between different laboratories and the assigned IgG antibody concentrations and serotype-specific comparison of IgG concentrations determined by MIA in different laboratories to the assigned IgG antibody concentrationsa

    TABLE 1
    • ↵a Ca, accuracy; r, precision; rc, concordance correlation coefficient; NA, not available; [IgG], IgG concentration. Values in parenthesis are 95% confidence intervals. Assigned values are the WHO-assigned IgG concentrations for 12 pneumococcal calibration sera as determined with the pneumococcal standard 007sp (17).

  • TABLE 2

    Deming regression and Pearson correlation per serotype for quantitation of anti-PPS antibodies in 13 sera from WHO panel B determined using MIA beads coated with polysaccharides obtained from ATCC or SSI Diagnosticaa

    TABLE 2
    • ↵a LCI, lower confidence interval value; UCI, upper confidence interval value.

  • TABLE 3

    Slope and Pearson correlation coefficient values for calculated and WHO-assigned values using MIA with ATCC polysaccharides or SSI Diagnostica polysaccharides

    TABLE 3
  • TABLE 4

    Participating laboratories and assay platformsa

    TABLE 4
    • ↵a The laboratories are listed alphabetically, and this order is not associated with designations I to XII.

Supplemental Material

  • Figures
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  • FIG S1

    Within-laboratory variability (CV%) of MIA by PPS serotype. n = 13 to 15 depending on laboratory and serotype. Download FIG S1, TIF file, 0.1 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • TABLE S1

    Overview of MIA protocols used by participating laboratories. ADHS, antibody-depleted human serum; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; CWPS, cell wall polysaccharide; DMTMM, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride; EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide; FBS, fetal bovine serum; NBBS, newborn bovine serum; NIBSC, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control; ON, overnight; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PLL, poly-l-lysine; PPS, pneumococcal polysaccharide; RPE, phycoerythrin; RT, room temperature; SSI, Statens Serum Institut; Sulpho-NHS, sulpho-n-hydroxysuccinimide; w/o, without. Download Table S1, DOCX file, 0.05 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • TABLE S2

    Support for Fig. 2. Data represent linear regression slopes (with 95% confidence intervals) per serotype for each laboratory. Download Table S2, DOCX file, 0.1 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • TEXT S1

    Batch numbers of ATCC and SSI Diagnostica polysaccharides used for comparative analysis shown in Fig. S2 and S3. Download Text S1, DOCX file, 0.01 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • FIG S2

    Linear regression analysis of results of comparisons between calculated and assigned antipneumococcus (anti-Pn) concentration from WHO panel B, using polysaccharides from ATCC (left panel) or SSI Diagnostica (right panel). The blue line shows linear regression, and the gray area surrounding the blue line represents the 95% CI for the linear regression. Red dotted lines indicate 95% CI for the predicted model of the linear regression. All values represent micrograms per milliliter (log transformed). Download FIG S2, TIF file, 1.9 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • FIG S3

    Reproducibility data obtained for ATCC and SSI Diagnostica polysaccharides. All values represent micrograms per milliliter (log transformed). Download FIG S3, TIF file, 1.8 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

  • FIG S4

    (A) Average outcomes for serotype 4 per conjugation method for each sample in calibration serum panel B and 007sp. Whiskers represent ± standard deviations (SD). (B) Deming regression analysis (slope = 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.81). All values represent micrograms per milliliter (log transformed). Download FIG S4, TIF file, 0.2 MB.

    Copyright © 2019 Meek et al.

    This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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Multilaboratory Comparison of Pneumococcal Multiplex Immunoassays Used in Immunosurveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae across Europe
Bob Meek, Nina Ekström, Bjørn Kantsø, Rachael Almond, Jamie Findlow, Jenna F. Gritzfeld, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Karl Ljungberg, Fredrik Atterfelt, Manou R. Batstra, Kevin Andeweg, Ben A. W. de Jong, Harry E. Prince, Mary Lapé-Nixon, Pieter G. M. Gageldonk, Irina Tcherniaeva, Ingeborg Aaberge, Tove Karin Herstad, Merit Melin, Ger T. Rijkers, Guy A. Berbers on behalf of the EU Pneumo Multiplex Assay Consortium
mSphere Nov 2019, 4 (6) e00455-19; DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00455-19

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Multilaboratory Comparison of Pneumococcal Multiplex Immunoassays Used in Immunosurveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae across Europe
Bob Meek, Nina Ekström, Bjørn Kantsø, Rachael Almond, Jamie Findlow, Jenna F. Gritzfeld, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen, Karl Ljungberg, Fredrik Atterfelt, Manou R. Batstra, Kevin Andeweg, Ben A. W. de Jong, Harry E. Prince, Mary Lapé-Nixon, Pieter G. M. Gageldonk, Irina Tcherniaeva, Ingeborg Aaberge, Tove Karin Herstad, Merit Melin, Ger T. Rijkers, Guy A. Berbers on behalf of the EU Pneumo Multiplex Assay Consortium
mSphere Nov 2019, 4 (6) e00455-19; DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00455-19
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    • ABSTRACT
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KEYWORDS

IgG antibodies
Streptococcus pneumoniae
capsular polysaccharide
concordance
immunoserology
interlaboratory comparison
multiplex immunoassay
quantitative methods
serosurveillance

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