Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Tukey’s box plot showing sample bacterial loads, as determined by quantitative PCR. Middle ear samples had a median of 0.9 log10 cells/μl and interquartile range (IQR) of 0.6 to 1.1, ear canal samples had a median of 3.3 and IQR of 0.9 to 195.8, while nasopharyngeal samples had a median of 47.5 and IQR of 10.5 to 502.0. Swab controls had a median of 0.5 log10 cells/μl with an IQR of 0.4 to 0.6. Ringer’s buffer had a median of 0.6 log10 cells/μl with an IQR of 0.5 to 0.7.
- FIG 2
NMDS plot based on Bray Curtis dissimilarity differences for subjects where middle ear (○), ear canal (●), and nasopharyngeal samples (▲) were all available (n = 13).
- FIG 3
Canonical correspondence biplots for microbiota. ○, middle ear; ●, ear canal; ▲, nasopharynx. Biplot lines for bacterial taxa show the direction of increase, with the length of each line indicating the degree of correlation with ordination axes.
- FIG 4
Tukey’s box plots showing relative abundances of taxa strongly associated with middle ear microbiota, as defined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. ME, middle ear; EC, ear canal; NP, nasopharynx.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Patient characteristics
Characteristic Value No. of patients 25 Age (yr) (mean [range]) 61 (21–82) Sex (n) Male 14 Female 11 Operation (n) Cochlear implant 21 Stapedotomy 3 Vestibular schwannoma resection 1 Indication for surgery (n) Sensorineural hearing loss 21 Otosclerosis 3 Vestibular schwannoma 1 Middle ear mucosa (n) Normal 22 Thickened 2 Inflamed 0 Granulomatous 0 Unknown 1 Temporal bone abnormality (n) No 21 Yes 4 Otosclerosis (n/total) 3/7 Previous temporal bone fracture 1/7
FIG S1
Linear regression analysis indicating negative relationship between Pseudomonas taxon and bacterial loads as determined by 16S rRNA qPCR. (A) Linear plot of Pseudomonas taxon from middle ear. (B) Residual plot of Pseudomonas taxon from middle ear. (C) Quantile plot of Pseudomonas taxon from middle ear. (D) Linear plot of Pseudomonas taxon from nasopharynx. (E) Residual plot of Pseudomonas taxon from nasopharynx. (F) Quantile plot of Pseudomonas taxon from nasopharynx. Download FIG S1, TIF file, 14.8 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Jervis-Bardy et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S2
Linear regression analysis of Pseudomonas taxon from ear canal, visualized through a linear plot (A), residual plot (B), and quantile plot (C). Download FIG S2, TIF file, 14.8 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Jervis-Bardy et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S3
Linear regression analysis of Staphylococcus taxon from ear canal, visualized through a linear plot (A), residual plot (B), and quantile plot (C). Download FIG S3, TIF file, 14.8 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Jervis-Bardy et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S4
Relative abundances of bacterial OTUs identified in DNA in reagent and negative-control extracts. Download FIG S4, TIF file, 14.8 MB.
Copyright © 2019 Jervis-Bardy et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
