Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Comparison of microbial communities in adult and children visitors and villagers. (A, C, E, and G) Principal-coordinate analysis based on unweighted UniFrac index of microbial communities, split by time periods and subjects. Arrowed lines connect samples from the same individual across time, showing the individual trajectories of microbiota changes based on beta diversity during the rainforest visit, from day 1 to day 16. The visitors returned to the city of Caracas on day 17. ANOSIM test were performed to compare visitors and villagers; the overall significance is indicated by the P value (in red where P < 0.05). (B, D, F, and H) Box plots of Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index comparing visitors to villagers at different time periods. Kruskal-Wallis tests with post hoc Dunn’s test using Benjamini-Hochberg correction were performed to determine significance. P values indicate overall significance determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test; asterisks (*) and brackets indicate groups shown to be significantly different by Dunn’s test with adjusted P values.
- FIG 2
Predicted microbiota age against the actual age of visitors and villagers. (A) Fecal samples. (B) Nasal samples. (C) Oral samples. (D) Skin samples. The prediction was made by constructing a random forest model using the villagers as the training set. The blue line in each panel illustrates a simple linear regression curve using samples from the training set. Data points for visitors are from multiple dates.
Supplemental Material
TABLE S1
Numbers of samples from visitors and villagers from each body site and at each time point. Download TABLE S1, DOCX file, 0.01 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S1
Principal-coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances of microbial communities, split by time points and subjects. Arrowed lines connect samples collected from the same individual while the individual was living in Kanarakuni village during day 1 to day 16. The visitors returned to the city of Caracas on day 17. ANOSIM tests were performed to compare data from visitors and villagers; the overall significance is indicated by the P value. Download FIG S1, PDF file, 0.2 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S2
Faith’s phylogenetic diversities for microbial communities in different body sites across time. The visitors stayed at Kanarakuni village from day 1 to day 16. Download FIG S2, PDF file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S3
Box plot of unweighted UniFrac distance data corresponding to local villagers calculated by comparisons with themselves and with visitors at different time points. Kruskal-Wallis tests with post hoc Dunn’s test using Benjamini-Hochberg correction were performed to determine significance. P values indicate overall significance determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test; asterisks (*) and brackets indicate groups shown to be significantly different by Dunn’s test with adjusted P values. Download FIG S3, PDF file, 0.2 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S4
Box plot of interindividual unweighted UniFrac distances among visitors at different time points. Kruskal-Wallis tests with post hoc Dunn’s test using Benjamini-Hochberg correction were performed to determine significance. P values indicate overall significance determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test; asterisks (*) and brackets indicate groups shown to be significantly different by Dunn’s test with adjusted P values. Download FIG S4, PDF file, 0.2 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S5
Heat map of the group-discriminant taxa on the genus level with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score of >2 based on LEfSe analysis of microbial communities in villagers and visitors. The visitors were in Kanarakuni village during day 1 to day 16 (indicated by the green bar) and returned to the city of Caracas on day 17. Download FIG S5, PDF file, 0.2 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S6
Predicted microbiota age among visitors in different body sites across time. The visitors stayed at Kanarakuni village from day 1 to day 16. Download FIG S6, PDF file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
TABLE S2
Detection of parasites among villagers; 4 of 11 adults and 10 of 27 children were examined. Download TABLE S2, DOCX file, 0.01 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S7
Diet study dates. Download FIG S7, PDF file, 0.2 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
FIG S8
Rarefaction analysis of Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD). Download FIG S8, PDF file, 0.1 MB.
Copyright © 2018 Ruggles et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
