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  • Articles
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    • Archive
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Therapeutics and Prevention

  • Open Access
    Induction of Neutralizing Responses against Autologous Virus in Maternal HIV Vaccine Trials
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Induction of Neutralizing Responses against Autologous Virus in Maternal HIV Vaccine Trials

    Maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively reduced but not eliminated the burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV across the globe, as an estimated 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018. Thus, additional preventive strategies beyond ART will be required to close the remaining gap and end the pediatric HIV epidemic. A maternal active immunization strategy that synergizes with maternal ART could further...

    Eliza D. Hompe, Jesse F. Mangold, Amit Kumar, Joshua A. Eudailey, Erin McGuire, Barton F. Haynes, M. Anthony Moody, Peter F. Wright, Genevieve G. Fouda, Elena E. Giorgi, Feng Gao, Sallie R. Permar
  • Open Access
    COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions
    Minireview | Therapeutics and Prevention
    COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries. While the outbreak in China appears to be in decline, the disease has spread across the world, with a daily increase in the number of confirmed cases and infection-related deaths....

    Chris R. Triggle, Devendra Bansal, Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd Farag, Hong Ding, Ali A. Sultan
  • Open Access
    Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an...

    Stephen W. Mamber, Steven Krakowka, Jeffrey Osborn, Lloyd Saberski, Ryan G. Rhodes, Albert E. Dahlberg, Sunthorn Pond-Tor, Kara Fitzgerald, Neal Wright, Sarah Beseme, John McMichael
  • Open Access
    Vaccine Candidate <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Brucella melitensis</span> 16M<em>ΔvjbR</em> Is Safe in a Pregnant Sheep Model and Confers Protection
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Vaccine Candidate Brucella melitensis 16MΔvjbR Is Safe in a Pregnant Sheep Model and Confers Protection

    Brucellosis is one of the most commonly reported zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Of the 12 Brucella species, Brucella melitensis is considered the most virulent and causes reproductive failure (abortions/stillbirths) in small ruminants, which can spread the disease to other animals or to humans. Vaccination of small ruminants is a key measure...

    Martha E. Hensel, Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez, Sankar P. Chaki, Airn Hartwig, Paul W. Gordy, Richard Bowen, Thomas A. Ficht, Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
  • Open Access
    Inhibition of Respiration of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> by Small Molecules Increases Phagocytosis Efficacy by Macrophages
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Inhibition of Respiration of Candida albicans by Small Molecules Increases Phagocytosis Efficacy by Macrophages

    The yeast Candida albicans is one of the major fungal human pathogens, for which new therapeutic approaches are required. We aimed at enhancements of the phagocytosis efficacy of macrophages by targeting the cell wall structure of C. albicans, as the coverage of the β-glucan layer by mannans is one...

    Shuna Cui, Minghui Li, Rabeay Y. A. Hassan, Anna Heintz-Buschart, Junsong Wang, Ursula Bilitewski
  • Open Access
    The Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Is an Improved Animal Model of Vaccination against Tuberculosis That Reflects Heterogeneity of Protection
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    The Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Is an Improved Animal Model of Vaccination against Tuberculosis That Reflects Heterogeneity of Protection

    We vaccinated the Diversity Outbred (DO) population of mice with BCG, the only vaccine currently used to protect against tuberculosis, and then challenged them with M. tuberculosis by aerosol. We found that the BCG-vaccinated DO mouse population exhibited a wide range of outcomes, in which outcomes in individual mice ranged from minimal respiratory or systemic disease...

    Sherry L. Kurtz, Amy P. Rossi, Gillian L. Beamer, Dan M. Gatti, Igor Kramnik, Karen L. Elkins
  • Open Access
    Oxadiazole-Containing Macrocyclic Peptides Potentiate Azole Activity against Pathogenic <em>Candida</em> Species
    Editor's Pick Observation | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Oxadiazole-Containing Macrocyclic Peptides Potentiate Azole Activity against Pathogenic Candida Species

    Fungal infections, such as those caused by pathogenic Candida species, pose a serious threat to human health. Treating these infections relies heavily on the use of azole antifungals; however, resistance to these drugs develops readily, demanding novel therapeutic strategies. This study characterized the antifungal activity of a series of molecules that possess unique chemical attributes and the ability to traverse cellular...

    Nicole M. Revie, Nicole Robbins, Luke Whitesell, John R. Frost, Solomon D. Appavoo, Andrei K. Yudin, Leah E. Cowen
  • Open Access
    Peptide Self-Assembly Is Linked to Antibacterial, but Not Antifungal, Activity of Histatin 5 Derivatives
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Peptide Self-Assembly Is Linked to Antibacterial, but Not Antifungal, Activity of Histatin 5 Derivatives

    Antimicrobial peptides are important modulators of host defense against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in humans and other multicellular organisms. Two converging paradigms point to a link between antimicrobial peptides that self-assemble into amyloid-like nanoassemblies and classical amyloidogenic peptides that often have potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, suggesting that antimicrobial and amyloidogenic peptides may...

    Lee Schnaider, Alexander Rosenberg, Topaz Kreiser, Sofiya Kolusheva, Ehud Gazit, Judith Berman
  • Open Access
    HIV Env-Specific IgG Antibodies Induced by Vaccination of Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Persist and Can Be Augmented by a Late Booster Immunization in Infancy
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    HIV Env-Specific IgG Antibodies Induced by Vaccination of Neonatal Rhesus Macaques Persist and Can Be Augmented by a Late Booster Immunization in Infancy

    The majority of new HIV-1 infections occur in young adults, with adolescent women being 3 times more likely to acquire HIV than young men. Implementation of HIV prevention strategies has been less successful in this age group; thus, a vaccine given prior to adolescence remains a high priority. We propose that instead of starting HIV vaccination during adolescence, an HIV vaccine regimen initiated in early infancy, aligned with the well-...

    Alan D. Curtis, Maria Dennis, Joshua Eudailey, Korey L. Walter, Kenneth Cronin, S. Munir Alam, Neelima Choudhary, Ryan H. Tuck, Michael Hudgens, Pamela A. Kozlowski, Justin Pollara, Guido Ferrari, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Sallie Permar, Kristina De Paris
  • Open Access
    Estrogen Attenuates the Growth of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Epithelial Cells
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Estrogen Attenuates the Growth of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Epithelial Cells

    Human papillomaviruses cause around 5% of all human cancers, yet there are no specific antiviral therapeutic approaches available for combatting these cancers. These cancers are currently treated with standard chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Specific antiviral reagents are desperately required, particularly for HPV+HNSCC whose incidence is increasing and for which there are no diagnostic tools available for combatting this disease. Using...

    Molly L. Bristol, Claire D. James, Xu Wang, Christian T. Fontan, Iain M. Morgan

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