Therapeutics and Prevention
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionBifidobacterium longum R0175 Protects Rats against d-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver FailureOur research investigated the protective and preventive roles of B. longum R0175 in a rat model of acute liver failure. The results illustrated that this probiotic strain exhibited protective effects in rats with acute liver failure. Thus, B. longum R0175 showed clinical application prospects that...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionEffect of HIV Envelope Vaccination on the Subsequent Antibody Response to HIV InfectionThere is a wealth of information on HIV-specific vaccine-induced immune responses among HIV-uninfected participants; however, data on immune responses among participants who acquire HIV after vaccination are limited. Here we show that HIV-specific binding antibody responses in individuals with breakthrough HIV infections were not affected by prior vaccination with HIV envelope-containing immunogens. We also found that these vectored...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionCorrelation between Bioassay and Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification for Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Decontamination StudiesCreutzfeldt-Jakob diseases are neurodegenerative disorders for which transmission linked to medical procedures have been reported in hundreds of patients. As prion diseases, they are characterized by an unusual resistance to conventional decontamination processes. Moreover, their large tissue distribution and the ability of prions to attach to many surfaces raised the risk of transmission in health care facilities. It is therefore of...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionCell-Mediated Immunity Generated in Response to a Purified Inactivated Vaccine for Dengue Virus Type 1Dengue is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and nearly half of the world’s population lives in areas where individuals are at risk of infection. Several vaccines for dengue are in development, including one which was recently licensed in several countries, although its utility is limited to people who have already been infected with one of the four dengue viruses. One major hurdle to understanding whether a dengue vaccine...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionSystematic Analysis of Efflux Pump-Mediated Antiseptic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Suggests a Need for Greater Antiseptic StewardshipS. aureus remains a significant cause of disease within hospitals and communities. To reduce the burden of S. aureus infections, antiseptics are ubiquitously used in our daily lives. Furthermore, many antiseptic compounds are dual purpose and are found in household products. The increased abundance...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionBinding of the von Willebrand Factor A Domain of Capillary Morphogenesis Protein 2 to Anthrax Protective Antigen Vaccine Reduces Immunogenicity in MiceThe anthrax toxin PA is the major immunogen in the current anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Improving the anthrax vaccine for avoidance of a cold chain necessitates improvements in the thermodynamic stability of PA. We address how stabilizing PA using sCMG2 affects PA immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Although the stability of PA is increased by binding to sCMG2, PA immunogenicity is decreased. This study emphasizes that, while...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionPuupehenone, a Marine-Sponge-Derived Sesquiterpene Quinone, Potentiates the Antifungal Drug Caspofungin by Disrupting Hsp90 Activity and the Cell Wall Integrity PathwayFungal infections cause more fatalities worldwide each year than malaria or tuberculosis. Currently available antifungal drugs have various limitations, including host toxicity, narrow spectrum of activity, and pathogen resistance. Combining these drugs with small molecules that can overcome these limitations is a useful strategy for extending their clinical use. We have investigated the molecular mechanism by which a marine-derived...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionDevelopment and Evaluation of a Novel Protein-Based Assay for Specific Detection of KPC β-Lactamases from Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical IsolatesInfections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are associated with high therapeutic failure and mortality rates. Thus, it is critical to rapidly identify clinical isolates expressing KPC β-lactamases to facilitate administration of the correct antibiotic treatment and initiate infection control strategies. To address this problem, we developed a protein-based, KPC-specific binding assay in combination with a cell...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionNanoemulsion as an Effective Treatment against Human-Pathogenic FungiAdvances in medicine have resulted in the discovery and implementation of treatments for human disease. While these recent advances have been beneficial, procedures such as solid-organ transplants and cancer treatments have left many patients in an immunocompromised state. Furthermore, the emergence of immunocompromising diseases such as HIV/AIDS or other immunosuppressive medical conditions have opened an opportunity for fungal...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionSpecies-Specific Differences in the Susceptibility of Fungi to the Antifungal Protein AFP Depend on C-3 Saturation of GlycosylceramidesOur data suggest a fundamental role of glycosylceramides in the susceptibility of fungi to AFP. We discovered that only a minor structural difference in these molecules—namely, the saturation level of their fatty acid chain, controlled by a 2-hydroxy fatty N-acyl-Δ3(E)-desaturase—represents a key to understanding the inhibitory activity of AFP. As glycosylceramides are important components of fungal plasma membranes, we propose...