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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    Transcriptional Profiling Suggests T Cells Cluster around Neurons Injected with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span> Proteins
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Transcriptional Profiling Suggests T Cells Cluster around Neurons Injected with Toxoplasma gondii Proteins

    Like other persistent intracellular pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, has evolved to evade the immune system and establish a chronic infection in specific cells and organs, including neurons in the CNS. Understanding T. gondii’s persistence in neurons holds the potential to identify novel, curative drug targets. The work presented here...

    Emily F. Merritt, Hannah J. Johnson, Zhee Sheen Wong, Adam S. Buntzman, Austin C. Conklin, Carla M. Cabral, Casey E. Romanoski, Jon P. Boyle, Anita A. Koshy
  • Open Access
    A Simplified Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Simplified Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Growth in Cell Culture

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is continuing to cause immense respiratory disease and social and economic disruptions. Conventional assays that monitor SARS-CoV-2 growth in cell culture rely on costly and time-consuming RNA extraction procedures, hampering progress in basic SARS-CoV-2 research and development of effective...

    Christian Shema Mugisha, Hung R. Vuong, Maritza Puray-Chavez, Adam L. Bailey, Julie M. Fox, Rita E. Chen, Alex W. Wessel, Jason M. Scott, Houda H. Harastani, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Haina Shin, Sebla B. Kutluay
  • Open Access
    Failure To Detect Prion Infectivity in Ticks following Prion-Infected Blood Meal
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Failure To Detect Prion Infectivity in Ticks following Prion-Infected Blood Meal

    Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging prion disease that affects cervids, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, black-tailed deer, red deer reindeer, elk, and moose. The mechanism of CWD transmission in unknown. Due to the presence of prions in the blood of CWD-infected animals, it is possible for invertebrates that feed on cervid blood to contribute to the transmission of CWD. We examined the blood meal of D....

    Ronald A. Shikiya, Anthony E. Kincaid, Jason C. Bartz, Travis J. Bourret
  • Open Access
    Development of a Plasmid Shuttle Vector System for Genetic Manipulation of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Chlamydia psittaci</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Development of a Plasmid Shuttle Vector System for Genetic Manipulation of Chlamydia psittaci

    Psittacosis, caused by avian C. psittaci, has a major economic impact in the poultry industry worldwide and represents a significant risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. In the past decade, the tools of genetic manipulation have been improved for chlamydial molecular studies. While several genetic tools have been mainly developed in...

    Kensuke Shima, Mary M. Weber, Christiane Schnee, Konrad Sachse, Nadja Käding, Matthias Klinger, Jan Rupp
  • Open Access
    Biodiverse <em>Histoplasma</em> Species Elicit Distinct Patterns of Pulmonary Inflammation following Sublethal Infection
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Biodiverse Histoplasma Species Elicit Distinct Patterns of Pulmonary Inflammation following Sublethal Infection

    Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in healthy individuals comprises most of the disease burden caused by the fungal pathogen Histoplasma. Fungal pneumonia is frequently delayed in diagnosis and treatment due to a prolonged period of quiescence early during infection. In this study, we used a murine respiratory model of histoplasmosis to investigate how different Histoplasma species modulate lung inflammation throughout the...

    Grant S. Jones, Victoria E. Sepúlveda, William E. Goldman
  • Open Access
    Detection of the Rhoptry Neck Protein Complex in <em>Plasmodium</em> Sporozoites and Its Contribution to Sporozoite Invasion of Salivary Glands
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Detection of the Rhoptry Neck Protein Complex in Plasmodium Sporozoites and Its Contribution to Sporozoite Invasion of Salivary Glands

    Sporozoites are the motile infectious stage that mediates malaria parasite transmission from mosquitoes to the mammalian host. This study addresses the question whether the rhoptry neck protein complex forms and functions in sporozoites, in addition to its role in merozoites. By applying coimmunoprecipitation and sporozoite stage-specific gene knockdown assays, it was demonstrated that RON2, RON4, and RON5 form a complex and are...

    Mamoru Nozaki, Minami Baba, Mayumi Tachibana, Naohito Tokunaga, Motomi Torii, Tomoko Ishino
  • Open Access
    Natural Variation in Clinical Isolates of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Modulates Neutrophil Responses
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Natural Variation in Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans Modulates Neutrophil Responses

    Neutrophils are the key immune cell type for host defenses against infections with Candida albicans. C. albicans strains isolated from patients display large phenotypic diversity, but how this diversity impacts host-pathogen interactions with neutrophils is incompletely defined. Here, we show that...

    Madhu Shankar, Tricia L. Lo, Ana Traven
  • Open Access
    Clinical <em>Candida albicans</em> Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions
    Observation | Host-Microbe Biology
    Clinical Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates and a Laboratory Strain Show Divergent Behaviors during Macrophage Interactions

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans with Candida albicans as the major causative agent. This study is the first to compare clinical vaginal isolates of defined patient groups in their interaction with macrophages, highlighting the vastly different outcomes in comparison to a laboratory strain using commonly applied virulence-...

    Franziska Gerwien, Christine Dunker, Philipp Brandt, Enrico Garbe, Ilse D. Jacobsen, Slavena Vylkova
  • Open Access
    Identification of Genomewide Alternative Splicing Events in Sequential, Isogenic Clinical Isolates of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida albicans</span> Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Drug Resistance and Tolerance to Cellular Stresses
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Identification of Genomewide Alternative Splicing Events in Sequential, Isogenic Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Drug Resistance and Tolerance to Cellular Stresses

    The emergence of resistance in Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen, against the commonly used antifungals is becoming a major obstacle in its treatment. The necessity to identify new drug targets demands fundamental insights into the mechanisms used by this organism to develop drug resistance. C....

    Suraya Muzafar, Ravi Datta Sharma, Abdul Haseeb Shah, Naseem A. Gaur, Ujjaini Dasgupta, Neeraj Chauhan, Rajendra Prasad
  • Open Access
    MARTX Toxin-Stimulated Interplay between Human Cells and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Vibrio vulnificus</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    MARTX Toxin-Stimulated Interplay between Human Cells and Vibrio vulnificus

    V. vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause life-threatening sepsis in immunocompromised patients via seafood poisoning or wound infection. Among the toxic substances produced by this pathogen, the MARTX toxin greatly contributes to disease progression by promoting the dysfunction and death of host cells, which allows the bacteria to disseminate...

    Byoung Sik Kim, Jong-Hwan Kim, Sanghyeon Choi, Shinhye Park, Eun-Young Lee, Serry Koh, Choong-Min Ryu, Seon-Young Kim, Myung Hee Kim

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