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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    Influential Parameters for the Analysis of Intracellular Parasite Metabolomics
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Influential Parameters for the Analysis of Intracellular Parasite Metabolomics

    Molecular characterization of pathogens such as the malaria parasite can lead to improved biological understanding and novel treatment strategies. However, the distinctive biology of the Plasmodium parasite, including its repetitive genome and the requirement for growth within a host cell, hinders progress toward these goals. Untargeted metabolomics is a promising approach to learn about pathogen biology. By measuring many...

    Maureen A. Carey, Vincent Covelli, Audrey Brown, Gregory L. Medlock, Mareike Haaren, Jessica G. Cooper, Jason A. Papin, Jennifer L. Guler
  • Open Access
    Impact of Long-Term Erythromycin Therapy on the Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Resistance Gene Reservoir in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Impact of Long-Term Erythromycin Therapy on the Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Resistance Gene Reservoir in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

    Recent demonstrations that long-term macrolide therapy can prevent exacerbations in chronic airways diseases have led to a dramatic increase in their use. However, little is known about the wider, potentially adverse impacts of these treatments. Substantial disruption of the upper airway commensal microbiota might reduce its contribution to host defense and local immune regulation, while increases in macrolide resistance carriage would...

    Jocelyn M. Choo, Guy C. J. Abell, Rachel Thomson, Lucy Morgan, Grant Waterer, David L. Gordon, Steven L. Taylor, Lex E. X. Leong, Steve L. Wesselingh, Lucy D. Burr, Geraint B. Rogers
  • Open Access
    Iron Acquisition and Siderophore Release by Carbapenem-Resistant Sequence Type 258 <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Iron Acquisition and Siderophore Release by Carbapenem-Resistant Sequence Type 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae

    Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including K. pneumoniae, are a major health care concern worldwide because they cause a wide range of infection and are resistant to all or nearly all antibiotics. To cause infection, these bacteria must acquire iron, and a major mechanism of acquiring iron is by secreting a molecule called enterobactin that strips...

    Victoria I. Holden, Meredith S. Wright, Sébastien Houle, Abigail Collingwood, Charles M. Dozois, Mark D. Adams, Michael A. Bachman
  • Open Access
    Malaria in Farmed Ungulates: an Exciting New System for Comparative Parasitology
    Editor's Pick Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    Malaria in Farmed Ungulates: an Exciting New System for Comparative Parasitology

    A wide array of vertebrates can serve as the intermediate hosts to malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida), such as birds, lizards, and several groups of mammals, including primates, bats, rodents, and ungulates. The latter group of hosts has not been intensively studied since early descriptions of a small set of taxa were published, but new reports of these parasites in both expected and new hosts have recently been published....

    Susan L. Perkins
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Ehrlichia chaffeensis</span> TRP75 Interacts with Host Cell Targets Involved in Homeostasis, Cytoskeleton Organization, and Apoptosis Regulation To Promote Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP75 Interacts with Host Cell Targets Involved in Homeostasis, Cytoskeleton Organization, and Apoptosis Regulation To Promote Infection

    Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by an obligatory intracellular bacterium, E. chaffeensis, and is one of the most prevalent, life-threatening emerging infectious zoonoses in the United States. The mechanisms through which E. chaffeensis invades and establishes an intracellular niche are not well understood but are dependent on secreted ehrlichial effector proteins. The significance of this study is in addressing how...

    Tian Luo, Shubhajit Mitra, Jere W. McBride
  • Open Access
    Mutations Conferring Increased Sensitivity to Tripartite Motif 22 Restriction Accumulated Progressively in the Nucleoprotein of Seasonal Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses between 1918 and 2009
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Mutations Conferring Increased Sensitivity to Tripartite Motif 22 Restriction Accumulated Progressively in the Nucleoprotein of Seasonal Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses between 1918 and 2009

    We have uncovered that long-term circulation of seasonal influenza A viruses (IAV) in the human population resulted in the progressive acquisition of increased sensitivity to a component of the innate immune response: the type I interferon-inducible TRIM22 protein, which acts as a restriction factor by inducing the polyubiquitination of the IAV nucleoprotein (NP). We show that four arginine residues present in the NP of the 1918 H1N1...

    Isabel Pagani, Andrea Di Pietro, Alexandra Oteiza, Michela Ghitti, Nadir Mechti, Nadia Naffakh, Elisa Vicenzi
  • Open Access
    Pseudotyping of HIV-1 with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein during HIV-1–HTLV-1 Coinfection Facilitates Direct HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Epithelial Cells: Implications for Sexual Transmission of HIV-1
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Pseudotyping of HIV-1 with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein during HIV-1–HTLV-1 Coinfection Facilitates Direct HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Epithelial Cells: Implications for Sexual Transmission of HIV-1

    Young women in certain regions of the world are at very high risk of acquiring HIV-1, and there is an urgent need to identify the factors that promote HIV-1 transmission. HIV-1 infection is frequently accompanied by infection with other pathogenic viruses. We demonstrate that coinfection of cells by HIV-1 and HTLV-1 can lead to production of HIV-1 pseudotyped with HTLV-1 Env that is able to directly infect female genital epithelial...

    Yuyang Tang, Alvin M. George, Oksana Petrechko, Franklin J. Nouvet, Stephanie D. Sweet, Yuetsu Tanaka, Brian S. Imbiakha, Guochun Jiang, Wei Gao, Kathryn Anastos, James E. K. Hildreth
  • Open Access
    Intracellular Trafficking and Persistence of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> Requires Transcription Factor EB
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Intracellular Trafficking and Persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii Requires Transcription Factor EB

    Adhesion is an initial and important step in Acinetobacter baumannii infections. However, the mechanism of entrance and persistence inside host cells is unclear and remains to be understood. In this study, we report that, in addition to its known role in host defense against Gram-positive bacterial infection, TFEB also plays an important role in the intracellular...

    Raquel Parra-Millán, David Guerrero-Gómez, Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba, Maria Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete, Jerónimo Pachón, Younes Smani
  • Open Access
    Investigating Colonization of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal Tract by Fungi
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Investigating Colonization of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal Tract by Fungi

    We sought to identify the fungi that colonize healthy GI tracts and that have a sustained influence on the diverse functions of the gut microbiome. Instead, we found that all fungi in the stool of healthy volunteers could be explained by their presence in oral and dietary sources and that our results, together with those from other analyses, support the model that there is little or no gastrointestinal colonization by fungi. This may be...

    Thomas A. Auchtung, Tatiana Y. Fofanova, Christopher J. Stewart, Andrea K. Nash, Matthew C. Wong, Jonathan R. Gesell, Jennifer M. Auchtung, Nadim J. Ajami, Joseph F. Petrosino
  • Open Access
    Reproductive System Symbiotic Bacteria Are Conserved between Two Distinct Populations of <em>Euprymna scolopes</em> from Oahu, Hawaii
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Reproductive System Symbiotic Bacteria Are Conserved between Two Distinct Populations of Euprymna scolopes from Oahu, Hawaii

    In this study, we examined the reproductive ANG symbiosis found in two genetically isolated populations of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. The stability of the community reported here provides support for the hypothesis that this symbiosis is under strong selective pressure, while the observed differences suggest that some level of local adaptation may have occurred. These two host populations are frequently used...

    Allison H. Kerwin, Spencer V. Nyholm

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