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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    The <em>Lactobacillus</em> Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

    Bile acids play an integral role in shaping the gut microbiota and host physiology by regulating metabolic signaling, weight gain, and serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels. Given these important roles of bile acids, we investigated the presence of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillus genomes representing 170 different species, determined strain- and species-specific patterns of occurrences, and expanded on the...

    Sarah O’Flaherty, Alexandra Briner Crawley, Casey M. Theriot, Rodolphe Barrangou
  • Open Access
    Genetic Variation of the SusC/SusD Homologs from a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus Underlies Divergent Fructan Specificities and Functional Adaptation in <em>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</em> Strains
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genetic Variation of the SusC/SusD Homologs from a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus Underlies Divergent Fructan Specificities and Functional Adaptation in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Strains

    Dietary polysaccharides play a dominant role in shaping the composition and functionality of our gut microbiota. Dietary interventions using these microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) serve as a promising tool for manipulating the gut microbial community. However, our current gap in knowledge regarding microbial metabolic pathways that are...

    Payal Joglekar, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Steven K. Higginbottom, Kristen A. Earle, Carl Morland, Sarah Shapiro-Ward, David N. Bolam, Justin L. Sonnenburg
  • Open Access
    Genes Activated by <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> upon Exposure to <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> Reveal the Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin To Be Essential for Colonization
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genes Activated by Vibrio cholerae upon Exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans Reveal the Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin To Be Essential for Colonization

    The waterborne diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The facultative human pathogen persists as a natural inhabitant in the aquatic ecosystem between outbreaks. In contrast to the human host, V. cholerae requires a different set of genes to survive in this hostile...

    Cornelia List, Andreas Grutsch, Claudia Radler, Fatih Cakar, Franz G. Zingl, Kristina Schild-Prüfert, Stefan Schild
  • Open Access
    Pneumococcal Metabolic Adaptation and Colonization Are Regulated by the Two-Component Regulatory System 08
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Pneumococcal Metabolic Adaptation and Colonization Are Regulated by the Two-Component Regulatory System 08

    Streptococcus pneumoniae interplays with its environment by using 13 two-component regulatory systems and one orphan response regulator. These systems are involved in the sensing of environmental signals, thereby modulating pneumococcal pathophysiology. This study aimed to understand the functional role of genes subject to control by the TCS08. The identified genes...

    Alejandro Gómez-Mejia, Gustavo Gámez, Stephanie Hirschmann, Viktor Kluger, Hermann Rath, Sebastian Böhm, Franziska Voss, Niamatullah Kakar, Lothar Petruschka, Uwe Völker, Reinhold Brückner, Ulrike Mäder, Sven Hammerschmidt
  • Open Access
    TosR-Mediated Regulation of Adhesins and Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    TosR-Mediated Regulation of Adhesins and Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

    Uropathogenic E. coli strains cause the majority of UTIs, which are the second most common bacterial infection in humans. During a UTI, bacteria adhere to cells within the urinary tract, using a number of different fimbrial and nonfimbrial adhesins. Biofilms can also develop on the surfaces of catheters, resulting in complications such as blockage. In this work, we...

    Courtney L. Luterbach, Valerie S. Forsyth, Michael D. Engstrom, Harry L. T. Mobley
  • Open Access
    What Is the Role of <em>Archaea</em> in Plants? New Insights from the Vegetation of Alpine Bogs
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    What Is the Role of Archaea in Plants? New Insights from the Vegetation of Alpine Bogs

    Archaea are still an underdetected and little-studied part of the plant microbiome. We provide first and novel insights into Archaea as a functional component of the plant microbiome obtained by metagenomic analyses. Archaea were found to have the potential to interact with plants by (i) plant growth promotion through auxin biosynthesis, (ii) nutrient supply, and (iii) protection against abiotic stress.

    ...
    Julian Taffner, Armin Erlacher, Anastasia Bragina, Christian Berg, Christine Moissl-Eichinger, Gabriele Berg
  • Open Access
    Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Are the Predominant Cells Infected in Measles in Humans
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Are the Predominant Cells Infected in Measles in Humans

    We have brought together a unique collection of 23 human cases of measles infection and studied the types of cells that are infected. This work has not been done with modern technologies such as double labeling with antibodies and confocal microscopy in human cases primarily due to the fact that it is difficult to obtain the material because, fortunately, measles is fatal in only a very small fraction of infected patients. During the...

    Ingrid V. Allen, Stephen McQuaid, Rosana Penalva, Martin Ludlow, W. Paul Duprex, Bertus K. Rima
  • Open Access
    In Defense of an Academic Career in Microbiology
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Host-Microbe Biology
    In Defense of an Academic Career in Microbiology

    The rise of Quit Lit describing the myriad reasons for leaving academia and constant complaining by mentors leave many trainees with little desire for an academic career. Although there are clearly structural and social problems in academia, I feel that they are outweighed by the benefits of working and living in an academic environment.

    Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> Protease IV Exacerbates Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Systemic Disease
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Protease IV Exacerbates Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Systemic Disease

    S. pneumoniae remains the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite widespread use of pneumococcal vaccines, forcing the necessity for appropriate treatment to control pneumococcal infections. Coinfections involving S. pneumoniae with other bacterial pathogens threaten antibiotic treatment...

    Jessica L. Bradshaw, Armando R. Caballero, Michael A. Bierdeman, Kristen V. Adams, Haley R. Pipkins, Aihua Tang, Richard J. O’Callaghan, Larry S. McDaniel
  • Open Access
    A Predicted Mannoprotein Participates in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus gattii</span> Capsular Structure
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Predicted Mannoprotein Participates in Cryptococcus gattii Capsular Structure

    Cryptococcus gattii has the ability to escape from the host’s immune system through poorly understood mechanisms and can lead to the death of healthy individuals. The role of mannoproteins in C. gattii pathogenicity is not completely understood. The present work characterized a protein, Kpr1, that...

    Julia Catarina Vieira Reuwsaat, Heryk Motta, Ane Wichine Acosta Garcia, Carolina Bettker Vasconcelos, Bárbara Machado Marques, Natália Kronbauer Oliveira, Jéssica Rodrigues, Patrícia Aline Gröhns Ferrareze, Susana Frases, William Lopes, Vanessa Abreu Barcellos, Eamim Daidrê Squizani, Jorge André Horta, Augusto Schrank, Marcio Lourenço Rodrigues, Charley Christian Staats, Marilene Henning Vainstein, Lívia Kmetzsch

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