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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    <em>Clostridium difficile</em> Alters the Structure and Metabolism of Distinct Cecal Microbiomes during Initial Infection To Promote Sustained Colonization
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Clostridium difficile Alters the Structure and Metabolism of Distinct Cecal Microbiomes during Initial Infection To Promote Sustained Colonization

    Clostridium difficile has become the most common single cause of hospital-acquired infection over the last decade in the United States. Colonization resistance to the nosocomial pathogen is primarily provided by the gut microbiota, which is also involved in clearing the infection as the community recovers from perturbation. As distinct antibiotics are associated with...

    Matthew L. Jenior, Jhansi L. Leslie, Vincent B. Young, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    Transcriptome Analysis of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Neisseria gonorrhoeae</span> during Natural Infection Reveals Differential Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants between Men and Women
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Transcriptome Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae during Natural Infection Reveals Differential Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants between Men and Women

    Recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae worldwide has resulted in limited therapeutic choices for treatment of infections caused by this organism. We performed global transcriptomic analysis of N. gonorrhoeae in subjects with gonorrhea who attended a Nanjing, China,...

    Kathleen Nudel, Ryan McClure, Matthew Moreau, Emma Briars, A. Jeanine Abrams, Brian Tjaden, Xiao-Hong Su, David Trees, Peter A. Rice, Paola Massari, Caroline A. Genco
  • Open Access
    Bacterial RecA Protein Promotes Adenoviral Recombination during <em>In Vitro</em> Infection
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Bacterial RecA Protein Promotes Adenoviral Recombination during In Vitro Infection

    Adenoviruses are common human mucosal pathogens of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts and ocular surface. Here, we report finding Chi-like sequences in adenovirus recombination hot spots. Adenovirus coinfection in the presence of bacterial RecA protein facilitated homologous recombination between viruses. Genetic recombination led to evolution of an important external feature on the adenoviral capsid, namely,...

    Jeong Yoon Lee, Ji Sun Lee, Emma C. Materne, Rahul Rajala, Ashrafali M. Ismail, Donald Seto, David W. Dyer, Jaya Rajaiya, James Chodosh
  • Open Access
    Rectal and Naris Swabs: Practical and Informative Samples for Analyzing the Microbiota of Critically Ill Patients
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Rectal and Naris Swabs: Practical and Informative Samples for Analyzing the Microbiota of Critically Ill Patients

    Perturbation of the microbiome has been correlated with various infectious and inflammatory diseases and is common in critically ill patients. Stool is typically used to sample the microbiota in human observational studies; however, it is often unavailable for collection from critically ill patients, reducing its utility as a sample type to study this population. Our research identified alternatives to stool for sampling the microbiota...

    Saumya Bansal, Jenny P. Nguyen, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Yu Zhang, Kevin C. Kain, Daniel R. Ricciuto, Bryan Coburn
  • Open Access
    Proteins Potentially Involved in Immune Evasion Strategies in <em>Sporothrix brasiliensis</em> Elucidated by Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Proteins Potentially Involved in Immune Evasion Strategies in Sporothrix brasiliensis Elucidated by Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

    Sporotrichosis is an important disease in Brazil that is caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix and affects cats and humans. Our work investigated the proteins differentially expressed by S. brasiliensis in order to find out why this species is more virulent and pathogenic than S. schenckii...

    Luana Rossato, Leandro Ferreira Moreno, Azadeh Jamalian, Benjamin Stielow, Sandro Rogério de Almeida, Sybren de Hoog, Joanna Freeke
  • Open Access
    Kinome Expansion in the <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Fusarium oxysporum</span> Species Complex Driven by Accessory Chromosomes
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Kinome Expansion in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex Driven by Accessory Chromosomes

    Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum are adapted to survive a wide range of host and nonhost conditions. In addition, F. oxysporum was recently recognized as the top emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen infecting immunocompromised humans. The sensory and response networks of these fungi undoubtedly play...

    Gregory A. DeIulio, Li Guo, Yong Zhang, Jonathan M. Goldberg, H. Corby Kistler, Li-Jun Ma
  • Open Access
    Two Distinct Approaches for CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptococcus neoformans</span> and Related Species
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Two Distinct Approaches for CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Cryptococcus neoformans and Related Species

    For genetic studies of the Cryptococcus genus, generation of mutant strains is often hampered by a limited number of selectable genetic markers, the tedious process of vector construction, side effects, and other limitations, such as the high cost of acquiring a particle delivery system. CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been demonstrated in Cryptococcus for genome editing. However, it remains labor-intensive and time-...

    Ping Wang
  • Open Access
    The Microbiome and Metabolome of Preterm Infant Stool Are Personalized and Not Driven by Health Outcomes, Including Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-Onset Sepsis
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Microbiome and Metabolome of Preterm Infant Stool Are Personalized and Not Driven by Health Outcomes, Including Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-Onset Sepsis

    Preterm infants face health problems likely related to microbial exposures, including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the role of the gut microbiome in preterm infant health is poorly understood. Microbial colonization differs from that of healthy term babies because it occurs in the NICU and is often perturbed by antibiotics. We measured bacterial compositions and metabolomic profiles of 77 fecal samples from 32 preterm...

    Stephen Wandro, Stephanie Osborne, Claudia Enriquez, Christine Bixby, Antonio Arrieta, Katrine Whiteson
  • Open Access
    Metatranscriptome Analysis of the Vaginal Microbiota Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Protection against Metronidazole in Bacterial Vaginosis
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Metatranscriptome Analysis of the Vaginal Microbiota Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Protection against Metronidazole in Bacterial Vaginosis

    Bacterial vaginosis is a serious issue for women in their reproductive years. Although it can usually be cured by antibiotics, the recurrence rate is very high, and some women do not respond to antibiotic therapy. The reasons for that are not known. Therefore, we undertook a study to detect the activity of the complete microbiota in the vaginal fluid of women who responded to antibiotic therapy and compared it to the activity of the...

    Zhi-Luo Deng, Cornelia Gottschick, Sabin Bhuju, Clarissa Masur, Christoph Abels, Irene Wagner-Döbler
  • Open Access
    Monoclonal Antibodies to Intracellular Stages of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Cryptosporidium parvum</span> Define Life Cycle Progression <em>In Vitro</em>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Monoclonal Antibodies to Intracellular Stages of Cryptosporidium parvum Define Life Cycle Progression In Vitro

    Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. Currently, there is a limited array of antibodies available against the parasite, which hinders imaging studies and makes it difficult to visualize the parasite life cycle in different culture systems. In order to alleviate this reagent gap, we created a library of novel antibodies against the intracellular life cycle stages of...

    Georgia Wilke, Soumya Ravindran, Lisa Funkhouser-Jones, Jennifer Barks, Qiuling Wang, Kelli L. VanDussen, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Theresa B. Kuhlenschmidt, Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt, L. David Sibley

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