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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: Learning from Nature—Antibody Profiles Important for Protection of Young Infants
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    mSphere of Influence: Learning from Nature—Antibody Profiles Important for Protection of Young Infants

    Esther Ndungo works in the field of maternal-infant immunity against enteric pathogens. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “Fc glycan-mediated regulation of placental antibody transfer” by Jennewein et al. (M. F. Jennewein, I. Goldfarb, S. Dolatshahi, C. Cosgrove, et al., Cell 178:202–215.e14, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.044)...

    Esther Ndungo
  • Open Access
    Four-Dimensional Characterization of the <em>Babesia divergens</em> Asexual Life Cycle, from the Trophozoite to the Multiparasite Stage
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Four-Dimensional Characterization of the Babesia divergens Asexual Life Cycle, from the Trophozoite to the Multiparasite Stage

    Babesiosis is a disease caused by intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites, which possess many clinical features that are similar to those of malaria. This worldwide disease is increasing in frequency and geographical range and has a significant impact on human and animal health. Babesia divergens is one of the species responsible for human and cattle babesiosis causing death unless treated promptly. When B. divergens...

    José Javier Conesa, Elena Sevilla, María Carmen Terrón, Luis Miguel González, Jeremy Gray, Ana J. Pérez-Berná, José L. Carrascosa, Eva Pereiro, Francisco Javier Chichón, Daniel Luque, Estrella Montero
  • Open Access
    Functional Analysis of the Collagen Binding Proteins of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus parasanguinis</span> FW213
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Functional Analysis of the Collagen Binding Proteins of Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213

    Bacteria generally can utilize multiple adhesins to establish themselves in the host. We found that Streptococcus parasanguinis, a dominant oral commensal and an opportunistic pathogen for subacute endocarditis, possesses at least three collagen-binding proteins that enable S. parasanguinis to successfully colonize damaged heart tissues and escape innate...

    Yi-Ywan M. Chen, Pei-Hua Tsai, Zong-Sian Ye, Yu-Wen Huang, Hui-Ru Shieh, Chia-Hua Wu, Yu-Juan Lin, James H. Miller, Jacqueline Abranches, Cheng-Hsun Chiu
  • Open Access
    Human Keratinocyte Response to Superantigens
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Human Keratinocyte Response to Superantigens

    Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are common human pathogens, causing infections that include the skin. Both pathogens produce a family of secreted toxins called superantigens, which have been shown to be important in human diseases. The first cell types encountered by superantigens...

    Patrick M. Schlievert, Francoise A. Gourronc, Donald Y. M. Leung, Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
  • Open Access
    Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults

    The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049...

    Jacob T. Nearing, Vanessa DeClercq, Johan Van Limbergen, Morgan G. I. Langille
  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Releases Proinflammatory Membrane Vesicles To Resist Antimicrobial Fatty Acids
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Staphylococcus aureus Releases Proinflammatory Membrane Vesicles To Resist Antimicrobial Fatty Acids

    The nares of one in three humans are colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. In these environments, and arguably on all mucosal surfaces, bacteria encounter fatty acids with antimicrobial properties. Our study uncovers that S. aureus releases membrane vesicles (MVs) that act as decoys to protect the...

    Arnaud Kengmo Tchoupa, Andreas Peschel
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: Frameshift—a Vision for Human Microbiome Research
    Editor's Pick Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    mSphere of Influence: Frameshift—a Vision for Human Microbiome Research

    Ariangela J. Kozik studies the respiratory microbiome as it relates to asthma. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how two papers, “Time’s up to adopt a biopsychosocial model to address racial and ethnic disparities in asthma outcomes” (E. C. Matsui, A. S. Adamson, and R. D. Peng, Allergy Clin Immunol 143:2024–2025, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.015...

    Ariangela J. Kozik
  • Open Access
    Nutrition and the Gut Microbiota in 10- to 18-Month-Old Children Living in Urban Slums of Mumbai, India
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Nutrition and the Gut Microbiota in 10- to 18-Month-Old Children Living in Urban Slums of Mumbai, India

    The impact of comprehensive nutritional status, defined as growth, nutritional blood biomarkers, dietary intakes, and feeding practices, on the gut microbiome in children living in low-resource settings has remained underreported in microbiome research. Among undernourished children living in urban slums of Mumbai, India, we observed a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria, a phylum including many potentially pathogenic...

    Samantha L. Huey, Lingjing Jiang, Marcus W. Fedarko, Daniel McDonald, Cameron Martino, Farhana Ali, David G. Russell, Shobha A. Udipi, Aparna Thorat, Varsha Thakker, Padmini Ghugre, R. D. Potdar, Harsha Chopra, Kripa Rajagopalan, Jere D. Haas, Julia L. Finkelstein, Rob Knight, Saurabh Mehta
  • Open Access
    Immune Response Characterization after Controlled Infection with Lyophilized <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Shigella sonnei</span> 53G
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Immune Response Characterization after Controlled Infection with Lyophilized Shigella sonnei 53G

    Correlate(s) of immunity have yet to be defined for shigellosis. As previous disease protects against subsequent infection in a serotype-specific manner, investigating immune response profiles pre- and postinfection provides an opportunity to identify immune markers potentially associated with the development of protective immunity and/or with a reduced risk of developing shigellosis postchallenge. This study is the first to report such...

    Kristen A. Clarkson, Robert W. Frenck, Michelle Dickey, Akamol E. Suvarnapunya, Lakshmi Chandrasekaran, Hailey P. Weerts, Christopher D. Heaney, Monica McNeal, Kate Detizio, Susan Parker, Amy Hoeper, August L. Bourgeois, Chad K. Porter, Malabi M. Venkatesan, Robert W. Kaminski
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: 3-D Culture Models Influence Studies on Epstein-Barr Virus Molecular Pathogenesis in the Epithelium
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    mSphere of Influence: 3-D Culture Models Influence Studies on Epstein-Barr Virus Molecular Pathogenesis in the Epithelium

    Kathy Shair works in the field of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers, with emphasis on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “Efficient replication of Epstein-Barr virus in stratified epithelium in vitro” by Temple et al. (R. M. Temple, J. Zhu, L. Budgeon, N. D. Christensen, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16544–16549, 2014,...

    K. H. Y. Shair

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