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Host-Microbe Biology

  • Open Access
    The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Lumen of Human Intestinal Organoids Poses Greater Stress to Bacteria Compared to the Germ-Free Mouse Intestine: Escherichia coli Deficient in RpoS as a Colonization Probe

    Technological advancements have driven and will continue to drive the adoption of organotypic systems for investigating host-microbe interactions within the human intestinal ecosystem. Using E. coli deficient in the RpoS-mediated general stress response, we demonstrate that the type or severity of microbial stressors within the HIO lumen is more restrictive than those...

    Madeline R. Barron, Roberto J. Cieza, David R. Hill, Sha Huang, Veda K. Yadagiri, Jason R. Spence, Vincent B. Young
  • Open Access
    Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Importance of the Heparan Sulfate Pathway and the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex for Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Uptake and Sindbis Virus Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Reveals the Importance of the Heparan Sulfate Pathway and the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi Complex for Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Uptake and Sindbis Virus Infection

    When facing a viral infection, the organism has to put in place a number of defense mechanisms in order to clear the pathogen from the cell. At the early phase of this preparation for fighting against the invader, the innate immune response is triggered by the sensing of danger signals. Among those molecular cues, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a very potent inducer of different reactions at the cellular level that can ultimately lead...

    Olivier Petitjean, Erika Girardi, Richard Patryk Ngondo, Vladimir Lupashin, Sébastien Pfeffer
  • Open Access
    Discovering the Molecular Determinants of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Phaeobacter inhibens</span> Susceptibility to Phaeobacter Phage MD18
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Discovering the Molecular Determinants of Phaeobacter inhibens Susceptibility to Phaeobacter Phage MD18

    Bacteriophages are useful nonantibiotic therapeutics for bacterial infections as well as threats to industries utilizing bacterial agents. This study identified Phaeobacter virus MD18, a phage antagonist of Phaeobacter inhibens, a bacterium with promising use as a probiotic for aquatic farming industries. Genomic analysis suggested that Phaeobacter phage MD18...

    Guillaume Urtecho, Danielle E. Campbell, David M. Hershey, Fatima A. Hussain, Rachel J. Whitaker, George A. O’Toole
  • Open Access
    Enhanced Enterovirus D68 Replication in Neuroblastoma Cells Is Associated with a Cell Culture-Adaptive Amino Acid Substitution in VP1
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Enhanced Enterovirus D68 Replication in Neuroblastoma Cells Is Associated with a Cell Culture-Adaptive Amino Acid Substitution in VP1

    Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes mild to severe respiratory disease and is associated with acute flaccid myelitis since 2014. Currently, the understanding of the ability of EV-D68 to replicate in the central nervous system (CNS), and whether it is associated with a specific clade of EV-D68 viruses or specific viral factors, is lacking. Comparing different EV-D68 clades did not reveal clade-specific phenotypic characteristics. However, we...

    Syriam Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya, Adam Meijer, Lisa Bauer, Bas Oude Munnink, Carmen Embregts, Lonneke Leijten, Jurre Y. Siegers, Brigitta M. Laksono, Frank van Kuppeveld, Thijs Kuiken, Corine GeurtsvanKessel, Debby van Riel
  • Open Access
    Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Causes Acute Encephalitis in the Ferret
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Causes Acute Encephalitis in the Ferret

    Animal models of viral disease are very important for understanding how viruses make people sick and for testing out drugs and vaccines to see if they can prevent disease. In this study, we identify the ferret as a model of encephalitis caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This novel model will allow researchers to evaluate ways to prevent RVFV encephalitis.

    Dominique J. Barbeau, Joseph R. Albe, Sham Nambulli, Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel, Amy L. Hartman, Seema S. Lakdawala, Ed Klein, W. Paul Duprex, Anita K. McElroy
  • Open Access
    Triazole Evolution of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida parapsilosis</span> Results in Cross-Resistance to Other Antifungal Drugs, Influences Stress Responses, and Alters Virulence in an Antifungal Drug-Dependent Manner
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Triazole Evolution of Candida parapsilosis Results in Cross-Resistance to Other Antifungal Drugs, Influences Stress Responses, and Alters Virulence in an Antifungal Drug-Dependent Manner

    Candida parapsilosis causes life-threatening fungal infections. In the last 2 decades, the increasing number of azole-resistant C. parapsilosis clinical isolates has been attributable to the overuse and misuse of fluconazole, the first-line antifungal agent most commonly used in several countries....

    Csaba Papp, Flóra Bohner, Katica Kocsis, Mónika Varga, András Szekeres, László Bodai, Jesse R. Willis, Toni Gabaldón, Renáta Tóth, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Attila Gácser
  • Open Access
    Distinct Fecal and Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Modulation after Microbiota Transfer Therapy
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Distinct Fecal and Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Modulation after Microbiota Transfer Therapy

    Despite the prevalence of autism and its extensive impact on our society, no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment is available for this complex neurobiological disorder. Based on mounting evidences that support a link between autism and the gut microbiome, we previously performed a pioneering open-label clinical trial using intensive fecal microbiota transplant. The therapy significantly improved gastrointestinal and...

    Dae-Wook Kang, James B. Adams, Troy Vargason, Marina Santiago, Juergen Hahn, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
  • Open Access
    The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Clearance in Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence Clostridioides difficile Clearance in Mice

    Clostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are...

    Sarah Tomkovich, Joshua M. A. Stough, Lucas Bishop, Patrick D. Schloss
  • Open Access
    The Two-Component Response Regulator Ssk1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Control Antifungal Drug Resistance and Cell Wall Architecture of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candida auris</span>
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Two-Component Response Regulator Ssk1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Control Antifungal Drug Resistance and Cell Wall Architecture of Candida auris

    Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogen that presents a serious global threat to human health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have classified C. auris as an urgent threat to public health for the next decade due to its major clinical and economic...

    Raju Shivarathri, Sabrina Jenull, Anton Stoiber, Manju Chauhan, Rounik Mazumdar, Ashutosh Singh, Filomena Nogueira, Karl Kuchler, Anuradha Chowdhary, Neeraj Chauhan
  • Open Access
    The Small RNA ErsA Plays a Role in the Regulatory Network of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> Pathogenicity in Airway Infections
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Small RNA ErsA Plays a Role in the Regulatory Network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenicity in Airway Infections

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most critical multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens in humans, able to cause both lethal acute and chronic lung infections. Thorough knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the establishment and persistence of the airways infections by P. aeruginosa...

    Silvia Ferrara, Alice Rossi, Serena Ranucci, Ida De Fino, Alessandra Bragonzi, Cristina Cigana, Giovanni Bertoni

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