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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
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Ecological and Evolutionary Science

  • Open Access
    The Phylogenomic Diversity of Herbivore-Associated <em>Fibrobacter</em> spp. Is Correlated to Lignocellulose-Degrading Potential
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    The Phylogenomic Diversity of Herbivore-Associated Fibrobacter spp. Is Correlated to Lignocellulose-Degrading Potential

    The herbivore gut microbiome is incredibly diverse, and a functional understanding of this diversity is needed to more reliably manipulate this community for specific gain, such as increased production in ruminant livestock. Microbial degraders of plant cell wall polysaccharides in the herbivore gut, particularly Fibrobacter spp., are of fundamental importance to their hosts for digestion of a diet consisting primarily of...

    Anthony P. Neumann, Garret Suen
  • Open Access
    Identification of an Exceptionally Long Intron in the <em>HAC1</em> Gene of <em>Candida parapsilosis</em>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Identification of an Exceptionally Long Intron in the HAC1 Gene of Candida parapsilosis

    The unfolded protein response (UPR) responds to the build-up of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR has wide-ranging functions from fungal pathogenesis to applications in biotechnology. The UPR is regulated through the splicing of an unconventional intron in the HAC1 gene. This intron has been described in many fungal species and is of variable length. Until now it was believed that some members of the CTG-...

    Elise Iracane, Paul D. Donovan, Mihaela Ola, Geraldine Butler, Linda M. Holland
  • Open Access
    The Enterococcus Cassette Chromosome, a Genomic Variation Enabler in Enterococci
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    The Enterococcus Cassette Chromosome, a Genomic Variation Enabler in Enterococci

    Enterococcus faecium is a bacterium found in a great variety of environments, ranging from the clinic as a nosocomial pathogen to natural habitats such as mammalian intestines, water, and soil. They are known to exchange genetic material through horizontal gene transfer and recombination, leading to great variability of accessory genes and aiding environmental...

    A. Sivertsen, J. Janice, T. Pedersen, T. M. Wagner, J. Hegstad, K. Hegstad
  • Open Access
    TaxAss: Leveraging a Custom Freshwater Database Achieves Fine-Scale Taxonomic Resolution
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    TaxAss: Leveraging a Custom Freshwater Database Achieves Fine-Scale Taxonomic Resolution

    Microbial communities drive ecosystem processes, but microbial community composition analyses using 16S rRNA gene amplicon data sets are limited by the lack of fine-resolution taxonomy classifications. Coarse taxonomic groupings at the phylum, class, and order levels lump ecologically distinct organisms together. To avoid this, many researchers define operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on clustered sequences, sequence variants, or...

    Robin R. Rohwer, Joshua J. Hamilton, Ryan J. Newton, Katherine D. McMahon
  • Open Access
    Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear

    Cross-species transmission of viral pathogens is becoming an increasing problem for captive-animal facilities. This study highlights how animals in captivity are vulnerable to novel opportunistic pathogens, many of which do not result in straightforward diagnosis from symptoms and histopathology. In this study, a novel pathogen was suspected to have contributed to the death of a juvenile polar bear. HTS techniques were employed, and a...

    Anisha Dayaram, Kyriakos Tsangaras, Selvaraj Pavulraj, Walid Azab, Nicole Groenke, Gudrun Wibbelt, Florian Sicks, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Alex D. Greenwood
  • Open Access
    Broadscale Ecological Patterns Are Robust to Use of Exact Sequence Variants versus Operational Taxonomic Units
    Observation | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Broadscale Ecological Patterns Are Robust to Use of Exact Sequence Variants versus Operational Taxonomic Units

    Microbial ecologists have made exceptional improvements in our understanding of microbiomes in the last decade due to breakthroughs in sequencing technologies. These advances have wide-ranging implications for fields ranging from agriculture to human health. Due to limitations in databases, the majority of microbial ecology studies use a binning approach to approximate taxonomy based on DNA sequence similarity. There remains extensive...

    Sydney I. Glassman, Jennifer B. H. Martiny
  • Open Access
    Persistence of Resident and Transplanted Genotypes of the Undomesticated Yeast <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Saccharomyces paradoxus</span> in Forest Soil
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Persistence of Resident and Transplanted Genotypes of the Undomesticated Yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus in Forest Soil

    Saccharomyces yeasts are intensively studied in biological research and in their domesticated roles in brewing and baking, and yet, remarkably little is known about their mode of life in forest soils. We report here that resident genotypes of the yeast S. paradoxus are persistent on a time scale of years in their microhabitats in forest soils. We also show...

    James B. Anderson, Dahlia Kasimer, Wenjing Xia, Nicolas C. H. Schröder, Patrick Cichowicz, Silvio Lioniello, Rudrakshi Chakrabarti, Eashwar Mohan, Linda M. Kohn
  • Open Access
    Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas

    The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens), two obligate bamboo feeders, have distinct phylogenetic positions in the order Carnivora. Bamboo is extraordinarily rich in plant secondary metabolites, such as allied phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and even toxic cyanide...

    Lifeng Zhu, Zhisong Yang, Ran Yao, Liangliang Xu, Hua Chen, Xiaodong Gu, Tonggui Wu, Xuyu Yang
  • Open Access
    The Unique Phylogenetic Position of a Novel Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Ensures an Ixodid Origin of the Genus <em>Phlebovirus</em>
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    The Unique Phylogenetic Position of a Novel Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Ensures an Ixodid Origin of the Genus Phlebovirus

    The emergence of novel tick-borne RNA viruses causing severe illness in humans has complicated the epidemiological landscape of tick-borne diseases, requiring further investigation to safeguard public health. In the present study, we discovered a novel tick-borne phlebovirus from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Japan. While its viral RNA genome sequences were similar to...

    Keita Matsuno, Masahiro Kajihara, Ryo Nakao, Naganori Nao, Akina Mori-Kajihara, Mieko Muramatsu, Yongjin Qiu, Shiho Torii, Manabu Igarashi, Nodoka Kasajima, Keita Mizuma, Kentaro Yoshii, Hirofumi Sawa, Chihiro Sugimoto, Ayato Takada, Hideki Ebihara
  • Open Access
    Model Communities Hint at Promiscuous Metabolic Linkages between Ubiquitous Free-Living Freshwater Bacteria
    Opinion/Hypothesis | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Model Communities Hint at Promiscuous Metabolic Linkages between Ubiquitous Free-Living Freshwater Bacteria

    Genome streamlining is frequently observed in free-living aquatic microorganisms and results in physiological dependencies between microorganisms. However, we know little about the specificity of these microbial associations.

    Sarahi L. Garcia, Moritz Buck, Joshua J. Hamilton, Christian Wurzbacher, Hans-Peter Grossart, Katherine D. McMahon, Alexander Eiler

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