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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    Emergence and Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant and Aminoglycoside-Panresistant <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> Complex Isolates Coproducing NDM-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase and 16S rRNA Methylase in Myanmar
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Emergence and Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant and Aminoglycoside-Panresistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolates Coproducing NDM-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase and 16S rRNA Methylase in Myanmar

    The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. cloacae complex has become a public health threat worldwide. E. xiangfangensis is a recently classified species belonging to E. cloacae complex. Here, we report a clonal dissemination of multidrug-resistant E. xiangfangensis ST200 producing...

    Satoshi Oshiro, Tatsuya Tada, Shin Watanabe, Mari Tohya, Tomomi Hishinuma, Hiroki Uchida, Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai, San Mya, Khin Nyein Zan, Teruo Kirikae, Htay Htay Tin
  • Open Access
    Culture-Confirmed Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Canada, 2010 to 2014: Characterization of Serogroup B <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> Strains and Their Predicted Coverage by the 4CMenB Vaccine
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Culture-Confirmed Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Canada, 2010 to 2014: Characterization of Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis Strains and Their Predicted Coverage by the 4CMenB Vaccine

    Laboratory surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is important to our understanding of the evolving nature of the Neisseria meningitidis strain types causing the disease and the potential coverage of disease strains by the newly developed vaccines. This study examined the molecular epidemiology of culture-confirmed IMD cases in Canada by examining the...

    Raymond S. W. Tsang, Dennis K. S. Law, Rosita De Paola, Maria Giuliani, Maria Stella, Jianwei Zhou, Saul Deng, Giuseppe Boccadifuoco, Marzia Monica Giuliani, Laura Serino
  • Open Access
    High Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> with Chromosomally Carried <em>mcr-1</em> in Healthy Residents in Vietnam
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    High Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli with Chromosomally Carried mcr-1 in Healthy Residents in Vietnam

    Elucidation of the mechanism of the wide dissemination of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities of developing countries is an urgent public health issue. In this study, we investigated the genetic background of the colistin resistance gene mcr in E. coli isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents living in a community in Vietnam with a...

    Takahiro Yamaguchi, Ryuji Kawahara, Kouta Hamamoto, Itaru Hirai, Diep Thi Khong, Thang Nam Nguyen, Hoa Thi Tran, Daisuke Motooka, Shota Nakamura, Yoshimasa Yamamoto
  • Open Access
    Two New SGI1-LK Variants Found in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Proteus mirabilis</span> and Evolution of the SGI1-HKL Group of <em>Salmonella</em> Genomic Islands
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Two New SGI1-LK Variants Found in Proteus mirabilis and Evolution of the SGI1-HKL Group of Salmonella Genomic Islands

    Members of the SGI1-HKL subgroup of SGI1-type integrative mobilizable elements have a characteristic alteration in their backbone. They are widely distributed among multiply antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars and Proteus mirabilis isolates. The SGI1-K type, found in the globally...

    Claire de Curraize, Eliane Siebor, Véronique Varin, Catherine Neuwirth, Ruth M. Hall
  • Open Access
    Comparison of Methods To Collect Fecal Samples for Microbiome Studies Using Whole-Genome Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Comparison of Methods To Collect Fecal Samples for Microbiome Studies Using Whole-Genome Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing

    A major direction for future microbiome research is implementation of fecal sample collections in large-scale, prospective epidemiologic studies. Studying microbiome-disease associations likely requires microbial data to be pooled from multiple studies. Our findings suggest collection methods that are most optimal to be used standardly across future WGSS microbiome studies.

    Doratha A. Byrd, Rashmi Sinha, Kristi L. Hoffman, Jun Chen, Xing Hua, Jianxin Shi, Nicholas Chia, Joseph Petrosino, Emily Vogtmann
  • Open Access
    Oral and Gut Microbial Diversity and Immune Regulation in Patients with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Oral and Gut Microbial Diversity and Immune Regulation in Patients with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy

    A feedback loop between dysbiotic gut microbiota, increased translocation of microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide, and inflammation has been hypothesized to cause immune system dysfunction in early HIV infection. However, despite evidence of a chronic inflammatory phenotype in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the role of oral microbiota in systemic immune activation and the relationship between oral and gut bacterial...

    Medini K. Annavajhala, Sabrina D. Khan, Sean B. Sullivan, Jayesh Shah, Lauren Pass, Karolina Kister, Heather Kunen, Victor Chiang, Gwennaëlle C. Monnot, Christopher L. Ricupero, Rebecca A. Mazur, Peter Gordon, Annemieke de Jong, Sunil Wadhwa, Michael T. Yin, Ryan T. Demmer, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
  • Open Access
    Robustness of Serologic Investigations for Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses following Coemergence
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Robustness of Serologic Investigations for Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses following Coemergence

    Geographically overlapping transmission of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Latin America challenges serologic diagnostics and epidemiologic surveillance, as antibodies against the antigenically related viruses can be cross-reactive, potentially causing false-positive test results. We examined whether widely used ELISAs and plaque reduction neutralization testing allow specific antibody detection in the scenario of...

    Carlo Fischer, Fernando Bozza, Xiomara Jeanleny Merino Merino, Celia Pedroso, Edmilson F. de Oliveira Filho, Andrés Moreira-Soto, Alvaro Schwalb, Xavier de Lamballerie, Eduardo Martins Netto, Patrícia T. Bozza, Manoel Sarno, Carlos Brites, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Michael Talledo, Jan Felix Drexler
  • Open Access
    Influenza A Virus Field Surveillance at a Swine-Human Interface
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Influenza A Virus Field Surveillance at a Swine-Human Interface

    Swine are influenza virus reservoirs that have caused outbreaks and pandemics. Genomic characterization of these viruses enables pandemic risk assessment and vaccine comparisons, though this typically occurs after a novel swine virus jumps into humans. The greatest risk occurs where large groups of swine and humans comingle. At a large swine exhibition, we used Nanopore sequencing and on-site analytics to interpret 13 swine influenza...

    Benjamin L. Rambo-Martin, Matthew W. Keller, Malania M. Wilson, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Tavis K. Anderson, Amy L. Vincent, Ujwal R. Bagal, Yunho Jang, Elizabeth B. Neuhaus, C. Todd Davis, Andrew S. Bowman, David E. Wentworth, John R. Barnes
  • Open Access
    Antibody-Secreting Cells To Diagnose <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> Infection in Children in Pakistan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Antibody-Secreting Cells To Diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children in Pakistan

    Tuberculosis (TB) in children represents a missed opportunity for diagnosis and preventive therapy. The magnitude or burden of disease in children is not fully understood due to our limitations with respect to exploring sensitive diagnostic algorithms. In a setting of TB endemicity in Pakistan, we carried out a proof-of-concept study to evaluate for the first time the performance of B cell analyses by the use of well-defined diagnostic...

    Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kumail Ahmed, Farah N. Qamar, Fariha Shaheen, Aisha Mehnaz, Fehmina Arif, Amna Afzal Saeed, Aneeq Muhammad Yousuf, Syeda Fatima Raza, Shazia Sultana, Shahida Mumtaz Qureshi, Shakil Ahmad Siddiqi, Eric Houpt, Tania Thomas
  • Open Access
    A Nonfunctional Opsonic Antibody Response Frequently Occurs after Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Is Associated with Invasive Disease
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Nonfunctional Opsonic Antibody Response Frequently Occurs after Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Is Associated with Invasive Disease

    Numerous reports on the dynamics of antipneumococcal immunity in relation to immunization with pneumococcal vaccines and on the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity in various populations have been published. In contrast, studies on the dynamics of the humoral immune response triggered by pneumococcal infection are scarce. This study provides valuable information that will contribute to fill this knowledge gap. Our main results...

    Fabian Uddén, Jonas Ahl, Nils Littorin, Kristoffer Strålin, Simon Athlin, Kristian Riesbeck

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