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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    First Report of the Local Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Ascribed to the Interspecies Transmission of a <em>vanA</em> Gene Cluster-Carrying Linear Plasmid
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    First Report of the Local Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Ascribed to the Interspecies Transmission of a vanA Gene Cluster-Carrying Linear Plasmid

    Increasing multidrug resistance, including vancomycin resistance, in enterococci is a major concern in clinical settings. Horizontal gene transfer, such as via plasmids, has been shown to play a crucial role in the acquisition of vancomycin resistance. Among vancomycin resistance types, the VanA type is one of the most prevalent, and outbreaks caused by VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have occurred worldwide. Here, we...

    Yusuke Hashimoto, Izumi Kita, Masato Suzuki, Hidetada Hirakawa, Hirofumi Ohtaki, Haruyoshi Tomita
  • Open Access
    Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Isolates Belonging to Lineage 2, Global Clone 1, from Outbreaks in 2012–2013 at a Tehran Burns Hospital
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Belonging to Lineage 2, Global Clone 1, from Outbreaks in 2012–2013 at a Tehran Burns Hospital

    Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are among the most critical antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections and treatment failures. The global spread of two clones has been responsible for the bulk of the resistance, in particular, carbapenem resistance. However, there is a substantial gap in our knowledge of which clones and...

    Masoumeh Douraghi, Johanna J. Kenyon, Parisa Aris, Mahla Asadian, Sedighe Ghourchian, Mohammad Hamidian
  • Open Access
    Early OXA-48-Producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> Isolates Recovered in a Spanish Hospital Reveal a Complex Introduction Dominated by Sequence Type 11 (ST11) and ST405 <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Clones
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Early OXA-48-Producing Enterobacterales Isolates Recovered in a Spanish Hospital Reveal a Complex Introduction Dominated by Sequence Type 11 (ST11) and ST405 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clones

    We present results of microbiological analysis of the first Enterobacterales isolates that were isolated in 2012 in our institution expressing OXA-48 carbapenemase. This enzyme confers resistance to carbapenems, an important group of antibiotics widely used in the hospitals. OXA-48 carbapenemase is currently present in many parts of the world, but it is found particularly frequently in the Mediterranean area. It was...

    Desirèe Gijón, Ana P. Tedim, Aránzazu Valverde, Irene Rodríguez, María-Isabel Morosini, Teresa M. Coque, Marina Manrique, Eduardo Pareja, Raquel Tobes, Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa, Rafael Cantón
  • Open Access
    New Mutations Involved in Colistin Resistance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    New Mutations Involved in Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii

    Acinetobacter baumannii is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen commonly infecting critically ill patients. It possesses a remarkable ability to survive in the hospital environment and acquires resistance determinants corresponding to a wide range of antibacterial agents. Given that the current treatment options for multidrug resistant...

    Bingbing Sun, Haiyan Liu, Yu Jiang, Lei Shao, Sheng Yang, Daijie Chen
  • Open Access
    Novel IncR/IncP6 Hybrid Plasmid pCRE3-KPC Recovered from a Clinical KPC-2-Producing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Citrobacter braakii</span> Isolate
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Novel IncR/IncP6 Hybrid Plasmid pCRE3-KPC Recovered from a Clinical KPC-2-Producing Citrobacter braakii Isolate

    Reports of human-pathogenic C. braakii strains, especially of strains showing resistance to carbapenems, are rare. To the best of our knowledge, our results represent the first detection of carbapenemase gene blaKPC-2 in C. braakii strains. In addition, we have studied detailed...

    Dandan Dong, Ziqiang Mi, Dujun Li, Mingming Gao, Nan Jia, Manli Li, Yigang Tong, Xianglilan Zhang, Yuanqi Zhu
  • Open Access
    Multicenter Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study of Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis and Seroprevalence of Different Serogroups of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Neisseria meningitidis</span>, <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Haemophilus influenzae</span> Type b, and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-3">Streptococcus pneumoniae</span> during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Multicenter Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study of Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis and Seroprevalence of Different Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae Type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey

    Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is one of the most common life-threatening infections in children. The incidence and prevalence of ABM vary both geographically and temporally; therefore, surveillance systems are necessary to determine the accurate burden of ABM. The Turkish Meningitis Surveillance Group has been performing a hospital-based meningitis surveillance study since 2005 across several regions in Turkey. Meningococcus was the...

    Mehmet Ceyhan, Yasemin Ozsurekci, Sevgen Tanır Basaranoglu, Nezahat Gurler, Enes Sali, Melike Keser Emiroglu, Fatma Nur Oz, Nursen Belet, Murat Duman, Emel Ulusoy, Zafer Kurugol, Hasan Tezer, Aslinur Ozkaya Parlakay, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Umit Celik, Solmaz Celebi, Ahmet Faik Oner, Mehmet Ali Solmaz, Adem Karbuz, Nevin Hatipoglu, Ilker Devrim, Ilknur Caglar, Sefika Elmas Bozdemir, Emine Kocabas, Ozlem Ozgur Gundeslioglu, Murat Sutcu, Ozge Metin Akcan, Necdet Kuyucu, Fesih Aktar, Soner Sertan Kara, Havva Ozlem Altay Akisoglu, Nilden Tuygun, Zeynep Diyar Tamburaci Uslu, Eda Karadag Oncel, Cihangul Bayhan, Ali Bulent Cengiz
  • Open Access
    Different Types of Atrial Fibrillation Share Patterns of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Different Types of Atrial Fibrillation Share Patterns of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

    Atrial fibrillation has been identified to be associated with disordered gut microbiota. Notably, atrial fibrillation is a progressive disease and could be categorized as paroxysmal and persistent based on the duration of the episodes. The persistent atrial fibrillation patients are accompanied by higher risk of stroke and lower success rate of rhythm control. However, the microbial signatures of different categories of atrial...

    Kun Zuo, Xiandong Yin, Kuibao Li, Jing Zhang, Pan Wang, Jie Jiao, Zheng Liu, Xiaoqing Liu, Jiapeng Liu, Jing Li, Xinchun Yang
  • Open Access
    Microsphere-Based IgM and IgG Avidity Assays for Human Parvovirus B19, Human Cytomegalovirus, and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Toxoplasma gondii</span>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Microsphere-Based IgM and IgG Avidity Assays for Human Parvovirus B19, Human Cytomegalovirus, and Toxoplasma gondii

    Human parvovirus B19, human cytomegalovirus, and Toxoplasma gondii are ubiquitous pathogens. Their infections are often asymptomatic or mild in the general population yet may be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Maternal infections by these pathogens can cause severe complications to the fetus or congenital abnormalities. As a rule, the risk of...

    Yilin Wang, Lea Hedman, Visa Nurmi, Inga Ziemele, Maria F. Perdomo, Maria Söderlund-Venermo, Klaus Hedman
  • Open Access
    Emergence of Mobile Colistin Resistance (<em>mcr-8</em>) in a Highly Successful <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Sequence Type 15 Clone from Clinical Infections in Bangladesh
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Emergence of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr-8) in a Highly Successful Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 15 Clone from Clinical Infections in Bangladesh

    There is a marked paucity in our understanding of the epidemiology of colistin-resistant bacterial pathogens in South Asia. A report by Davies and Walsh (Lancet Infect Dis 18:256–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30072-0, 2018) suggests the export of colistin from China to India, Vietnam, and South Korea in 2016 was approximately 1,000 tons and mainly used as a poultry...

    Refath Farzana, Lim S. Jones, Andrew Barratt, Muhammad Anisur Rahman, Kirsty Sands, Edward Portal, Ian Boostrom, Laura Espina, Monira Pervin, A. K. M. Nasir Uddin, Timothy R. Walsh
  • Open Access
    Nonclonal Emergence of Colistin Resistance Associated with Mutations in the BasRS Two-Component System in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Bloodstream Isolates
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Nonclonal Emergence of Colistin Resistance Associated with Mutations in the BasRS Two-Component System in Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates

    Multidrug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria has led to the use of colistin as a last-resort drug. The cationic colistin kills Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic interaction with the anionic lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides. Due to increased use in clinical and agricultural settings, colistin resistance has recently started to emerge. In this study, we used a combination of whole-genome sequence analysis and...

    Axel B. Janssen, Toby L. Bartholomew, Natalia P. Marciszewska, Marc J. M. Bonten, Rob J. L. Willems, Jose A. Bengoechea, Willem van Schaik

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