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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    Evolution and Population Dynamics of Clonal Complex 152 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Evolution and Population Dynamics of Clonal Complex 152 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

    Understanding the evolution of CA-MRSA is important in light of the increasing importance of this reservoir in the dissemination of MRSA. Here, we highlight the story of the CA-MRSA CC152 lineage using whole-genome sequencing on an international collection of CC152. We show that the evolution of this lineage is novel and that antibiotic usage may have the potential to select for the phage-encoded Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The...

    Sharmin Baig, Anders Rhod Larsen, Patrícia Martins Simões, Frédéric Laurent, Thor Bech Johannesen, Berit Lilje, Anne Tristan, Frieder Schaumburg, Beverly Egyir, Ivana Cirkovic, Graeme R. Nimmo, Iris Spiliopoulou, Dominique S. Blanc, Sara Mernelius, Aina Elisabeth Fossum Moen, Michael Z. David, Paal Skytt Andersen, Marc Stegger
  • Open Access
    Phylogeographical Analyses and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of <em>Acinetobacter johnsonii</em> Highlight Its Clinical Relevance
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Phylogeographical Analyses and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Acinetobacter johnsonii Highlight Its Clinical Relevance

    Acinetobacter johnsonii has been severely understudied and its population structure and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are very much uncertain. Our phylogeographical analysis shows that intercontinental transmission has occurred frequently and that different lineages are circulating within single countries; notably, clinical and nonclinical strains...

    Santiago Castillo-Ramírez, Valeria Mateo-Estrada, Gerardo Gonzalez-Rocha, Andrés Opazo-Capurro
  • Open Access
    HERQ-9 Is a New Multiplex PCR for Differentiation and Quantification of All Nine Human Herpesviruses
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    HERQ-9 Is a New Multiplex PCR for Differentiation and Quantification of All Nine Human Herpesviruses

    By adulthood, almost all humans become infected by at least one herpesvirus (HHV). The maladies inflicted by these microbes extend beyond the initial infection, as they remain inside our cells for life and can reactivate, causing severe diseases. The diagnosis of active infection by these ubiquitous pathogens includes the detection of DNA with sensitive and specific assays. We developed the first quantitative PCR assay (HERQ-9) designed...

    Lari Pyöriä, Maija Jokinen, Mari Toppinen, Henri Salminen, Tytti Vuorinen, Veijo Hukkanen, Constanze Schmotz, Endrit Elbasani, Päivi M. Ojala, Klaus Hedman, Hannamari Välimaa, Maria F. Perdomo
  • Open Access
    Evaluation of a Rapid Point-of-Care Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Evaluation of a Rapid Point-of-Care Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever

    Enteric fever remains a significant global problem, and control programs are significantly limited by the lack of an optimal assay for identifying individuals with acute infection. This is especially critical considering the recently released World Health Organization (WHO) position paper endorsing the role of the typhoid conjugate vaccine in communities where enteric fever is endemic. A reliable diagnostic test is needed to assess and...

    Shailendra Kumar, Ariana Nodoushani, Farhana Khanam, Alyssa T. DeCruz, Paul Lambotte, Robert Scott, Isaac I. Bogoch, Krista Vaidya, Stephen B. Calderwood, Taufiqur R. Bhuiyan, Javan Esfandiari, Edward T. Ryan, Firdausi Qadri, Jason R. Andrews, Richelle C. Charles
  • Open Access
    Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Salmonella enterica</span> Serovar Newport in China
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport in China

    Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport generally lead to gastrointestinal diseases. These infections are normally self-limiting; however, in certain cases, broad-spectrum antimicrobials are prescribed for the treatment. The Chinese National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network has reported a gradual increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant S. Newport infections in humans. After careful evaluation of...

    Narayan Paudyal, Hang Pan, Beibei Wu, Xiao Zhou, Xin Zhou, Wenqing Chai, Qingqing Wu, Shuning Li, Fang Li, Guimin Gu, Haoqiu Wang, Qinghua Hu, Xuebin Xu, Yan Li, Min Yue
  • Open Access
    Detecting and Monitoring Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, an Underresearched Betacoronavirus
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Detecting and Monitoring Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, an Underresearched Betacoronavirus

    There is a paucity of information concerning the ecology of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) in commercial swine herds. This study provided evidence that PHEV infection is endemic and highly prevalent in U.S. swine herds. These results raised questions for future studies regarding the impact of endemic PHEV on swine health and the mechanisms by which this virus circulates in endemically infected populations....

    Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz, Ronaldo Magtoto, Elizabeth Houston, David Baum, José Antonio Carrillo-Ávila, Gun Temeeyasen, Jeff Zimmerman, Pablo Piñeyro, Luis Giménez-Lirola
  • Open Access
    Novel Insights and Features of the NDM-5-Producing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Sequence Type 167 High-Risk Clone
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Novel Insights and Features of the NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 High-Risk Clone

    Global dissemination of some E. coli high-risk clones has been described in the last decades. The most widespread was the ST131 clone, associated with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Genomics of ST131 demonstrated that one clade within the ST emerged in the early 2000s, followed by a rapid, global expansion. The...

    Aurora Garcia-Fernandez, Laura Villa, Giulia Bibbolino, Alessia Bressan, Maria Trancassini, Valeria Pietropaolo, Mario Venditti, Guido Antonelli, Alessandra Carattoli
  • Open Access
    Intestinal Dysbiosis in Carriers of Carbapenem-Resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Intestinal Dysbiosis in Carriers of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

    The gut microbiota plays important roles in the host’s normal function and health, including protection against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Alterations in the gut microbial profile can potentially serve as an early diagnostic tool, as well as a therapeutic strategy against colonization by and carriage of harmful bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Here, we show that the microbiota of hospitalized patients...

    Hila Korach-Rechtman, Maysaa Hreish, Carmit Fried, Shiran Gerassy-Vainberg, Zaher S. Azzam, Yechezkel Kashi, Gidon Berger
  • Open Access
    Restricted Sequence Variation in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus pyogenes</span> Penicillin Binding Proteins
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Restricted Sequence Variation in Streptococcus pyogenes Penicillin Binding Proteins

    β-Lactam antibiotics are the first-line therapeutic option for Streptococcus pyogenes infections. Despite the global high prevalence of S. pyogenes infections and widespread use of β-lactams worldwide, reports of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, have been incredibly rare....

    Andrew Hayes, Jake A. Lacey, Jacqueline M. Morris, Mark R. Davies, Steven Y. C. Tong
  • Open Access
    Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong

    Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are of global health importance, yet there is a paucity of surveillance studies on food animals in Hong Kong. Here, we report a high prevalence of ESBL-E (ranging from 0.5% to 52.4%) and CPE (0% to 9.9%) from various food animal samples procured from wet markets across Hong Kong. All CPE strains were...

    Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte, Carmen Li, Chendi Zhu, Priyanga Dharmaratne, Kam Tak Wong, Norman Lo, Margaret Ip

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