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  • Articles
    • Latest Articles
    • COVID-19 Research and News from ASM Journals
    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
  • Topics
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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> NCIMB8209: a Rare Environmental Strain Displaying Extensive Insertion Sequence-Mediated Genome Remodeling Resulting in the Loss of Exposed Cell Structures and Defensive Mechanisms
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Acinetobacter baumannii NCIMB8209: a Rare Environmental Strain Displaying Extensive Insertion Sequence-Mediated Genome Remodeling Resulting in the Loss of Exposed Cell Structures and Defensive Mechanisms

    Acinetobacter baumannii is an ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae,...

    Guillermo D. Repizo, Martín Espariz, Joana L. Seravalle, Juan Ignacio Díaz Miloslavich, Bruno A. Steimbrüch, Howard A. Shuman, Alejandro M. Viale
  • Open Access
    A Race against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in <em>Salmonella enterica</em> Serovar Typhi in Pakistan
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Race against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Pakistan

    The emergence of XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan has left azithromycin as the only viable oral treatment option. Here, we report the detection of an azithromycin resistance-associated mutation in one S. Typhi isolate. This finding is important because any possible spread of azithromycin resistance in S. Typhi isolates would make it nearly impossible to treat in outpatient settings due to the need of...

    Junaid Iqbal, Irum F. Dehraj, Megan E. Carey, Zoe A. Dyson, Denise Garrett, Jessica C. Seidman, Furqan Kabir, Senjuti Saha, Stephen Baker, Farah N. Qamar
  • Open Access
    <em>Enterobacterales</em> Infection after Intestinal Dominance in Hospitalized Patients
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Enterobacterales Infection after Intestinal Dominance in Hospitalized Patients

    Increasing antibiotic resistance has resulted in infections that are life-threatening and difficult to treat. Interventions that prevent these infections, particularly without using antibiotics, could save lives. Intestinal colonization by pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (part of the order Enterobacterales) is associated with subsequent...

    Krishna Rao, Anna Seekatz, Christine Bassis, Yuang Sun, Emily Mantlo, Michael A. Bachman
  • Open Access
    Human Infection Challenge Studies: a Test for the Social Value Criterion of Research Ethics
    Perspective | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Human Infection Challenge Studies: a Test for the Social Value Criterion of Research Ethics

    Human infection challenge studies involving the intentional infection of research participants with a disease-causing agent have recently been suggested as a means to speed up the search for a vaccine for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Calls for challenge studies, however, rely on the expected social value of these studies. This value represents more than the simple possibility that a successful study will...

    Nicholas G. Evans
  • Open Access
    Clinical Characteristics and Immune Injury Mechanisms in 71 Patients with COVID-19
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Clinical Characteristics and Immune Injury Mechanisms in 71 Patients with COVID-19

    The dysregulation of CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD16+ CD56+ NK cells, C1q as well as IL-6, along with bacterial coinfection, were important causes of exacerbation of the patients’ condition and death.

    Yingjie Wu, Xiaoxing Huang, Jiaxing Sun, Tian Xie, Yufei Lei, Jamal Muhammad, Xinran Li, Xingruo Zeng, Fuling Zhou, Hong Qin, Liang Shao, Qiuping Zhang
  • Open Access
    MicroRNAs Regulated by the LPS/TLR2 Immune Axis as Bona Fide Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Leptospirosis
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    MicroRNAs Regulated by the LPS/TLR2 Immune Axis as Bona Fide Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Leptospirosis

    Here, we used miRNAs that are differentially regulated by the LPS/TLR2 immune axis to devise a miRNA-based diagnosis for leptospirosis. The study established the role of the circulating stable miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-let-7b-5p) as an early diagnostic marker for leptospirosis. These miRNAs can be used to diagnose acute leptospirosis and also to differentiate leptospiral infection from other bacterial and spirochetal...

    Charles Solomon Akino Mercy, Natarajaseenivasan Suriya Muthukumaran, Prema Velusamy, Palanisamy Bothammal, Krishnamoorthi Sumaiya, Perumal Saranya, Dianne Langford, Santhanam Shanmughapriya, Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
  • Open Access
    Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Group A Streptococcal <em>emm</em> Clusters in Africa To Inform Vaccine Development
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Group A Streptococcal emm Clusters in Africa To Inform Vaccine Development

    Low vaccine coverage is of grave public health concern, particularly in developing countries where epidemiological data are often absent. To inform vaccine development for group A Streptococcus (GAS), we report on the epidemiology of the M protein emm clusters from GAS infections in Africa, where GAS-related illnesses and their sequelae, including rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, are of a high burden. This...

    Taariq Salie, Kelin Engel, Annesinah Moloi, Babu Muhamed, James B. Dale, Mark E. Engel
  • Open Access
    Phylogenetic Characterization Reveals Prevalent <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Shigella flexneri</span> ST100 Clone in Beijing, China, 2005 to 2018
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Phylogenetic Characterization Reveals Prevalent Shigella flexneri ST100 Clone in Beijing, China, 2005 to 2018

    Beijing is the largest transportation hub in China, with a highly mobile population. Shigella flexneri is a major cause of bacillary dysentery in Beijing. However, little is known about the genetic features and population structure of locally circulating S. flexneri clones. Whole-genome sequencing...

    Lang Yang, Bing Lü, Quanyi Wang, Kaiying Wang, Yanfeng Lin, Chaojie Yang, Shaofu Qiu, Peng Li, Hongbin Song
  • Open Access
    Horizontal Plasmid Transfer among <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Isolates Is the Key Factor for Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Children in Tanzania
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Horizontal Plasmid Transfer among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Is the Key Factor for Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Children in Tanzania

    Horizontal spread of plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes is considered an important mechanism behind the global health problem caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nevertheless, knowledge about spread of plasmids in a community is limited. Our detailed molecular analyses of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized and healthy children in Tanzania disclosed...

    Torunn Pedersen, Marit Gjerde Tellevik, Øyvind Kommedal, Paul Christoffer Lindemann, Sabrina John Moyo, Jessin Janice, Bjørn Blomberg, Ørjan Samuelsen, Nina Langeland
  • Open Access
    IMP-38-Producing High-Risk Sequence Type 307 <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Strains from a Neonatal Unit in China
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    IMP-38-Producing High-Risk Sequence Type 307 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from a Neonatal Unit in China

    We described the genome and resistome characterization of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 strain carrying blaIMP-38 in China. This report highlights that the high-risk ST307 clone continues to acquire different antimicrobial resistance genes, posing significant challenges to clinical practice, and should be closely monitored....

    Siyi Wang, Juan Zhao, Ning Liu, Fang Yang, Yiming Zhong, Xiumei Gu, Zijuan Jian, Qun Yan, Qingxia Liu, Hongling Li, Yanming Li, Jing Liu, Hui Li, Liang Chen, Wenen Liu

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