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    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

    Airborne simulation experiments showed that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks provide some protection from the transmission of infective SARS-CoV-2 droplets/aerosols; however, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) could not completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when sealed.

    Hiroshi Ueki, Yuri Furusawa, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Masaki Imai, Hiroki Kabata, Hidekazu Nishimura, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
  • Open Access
    Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Clinical Isolates in Japan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Molecular and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates in Japan

    Carbapenems serve as a last resort for the clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Therefore, the rapid spread of carbapenemase-producing strains represents a serious public health threat, further limiting antibiotic choices. The current findings of hypervirulent carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Japan demonstrate the...

    Shinsuke Yonekawa, Tomoki Mizuno, Ryuichi Nakano, Akiyo Nakano, Yuki Suzuki, Tomoko Asada, Ayako Ishii, Naoki Kakuta, Kosuke Tsubaki, Sayaka Mizuno, Miho Ogawa, Hisakazu Yano, Kei Kasahara, Keiichi Mikasa
  • Open Access
    Gram-Negative Taxa and Antimicrobial Susceptibility after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Infection
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gram-Negative Taxa and Antimicrobial Susceptibility after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

    Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is highly efficacious in treating recurrent C. difficile infection (RCDI), has a promising application in decolonization of multidrug-resistant organisms, reduction of antibiotic resistance gene abundance, and restoration of healthy intestinal microbiota. However, data representing clinical microbiology results after FMT...

    Danielle Barrios Steed, Tiffany Wang, Divyanshu Raheja, Alex D. Waldman, Ahmed Babiker, Tanvi Dhere, Colleen S. Kraft, Michael H. Woodworth
  • Open Access
    Clinical and Molecular Description of a High-Copy IncQ1 KPC-2 Plasmid Harbored by the International ST15 <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Clone
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Clinical and Molecular Description of a High-Copy IncQ1 KPC-2 Plasmid Harbored by the International ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clone

    In many parts of the world, carbapenem resistance is a serious public health concern. In Brazil, carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales is mostly driven by the dissemination of KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae clones. Despite being endemic in this country, only a few reports providing both clinical and genomic data are available in Brazil, which limit the...

    Willames M. B. S. Martins, Marisa F. Nicolas, Yang Yu, Mei Li, Priscila Dantas, Kirsty Sands, Edward Portal, Luiz G. P. Almeida, Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos, Eduardo A. Medeiros, Mark A. Toleman, Timothy R. Walsh, Ana C. Gales, Diego O. Andrey
  • Open Access
    Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Shigella sonnei</span> and Local Persistence of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">S. flexneri</span> Clones in India
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India

    Shigella is the second leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. This has been categorized as a priority pathogen among enteric bacteria by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently, S. sonnei seems to be replacing S....

    Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel, Ankur Mutreja, Agila Kumari Pragasam, Karthick Vasudevan, Dhivya Murugan, Shalini Anandan, Joy Sarojini Michael, Kamini Walia, Balaji Veeraraghavan
  • Open Access
    Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients

    Asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential problem for pandemic control through public health strategies. Our results demonstrate that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients have better outcomes than symptomatic patients. This may have been due to more active cellular immune responses and normal liver function. Since asymptomatic patients have no clinical symptoms which can easily...

    Huan Han, Zaichao Xu, Xiaoming Cheng, Youquan Zhong, Li Yuan, Fubing Wang, Yan Li, Fang Liu, Yingan Jiang, Chengliang Zhu, Yuchen Xia
  • Open Access
    mSphere of Influence: That’s Racist—COVID-19, Biological Determinism, and the Limits of Hypotheses
    Editor's Pick Commentary | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    mSphere of Influence: That’s Racist—COVID-19, Biological Determinism, and the Limits of Hypotheses

    Kishana Taylor works in the field of virology. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on the personal impact of “Racial health disparities and COVID-19 – caution and context” by Merlin Chowkwanyun and Adolph L. Reed, Jr. (N Engl J Med 383:201–203, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2012910) and “A hypothesis is a liability” by Itai Yanai and Martin Lercher (Genome Biol 21:...

    Kishana Taylor
  • Open Access
    Educational Attainment and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Educational Attainment and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory

    Unlike some types of S. aureus infections, S. aureus colonization is not associated with ethnicity or educational attainment and thus may be outside the influence of socioeconomic status-based resources typically mobilized to avoid or mitigate preventable health risks. This assessment of a...

    Steven D. Barger, Monica R. Lininger, Robert T. Trotter, Heidi A. Wayment, Mimi Mbegbu, Shari Kyman, Talima Pearson
  • Open Access
    North American Big Brown Bats (<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Eptesicus fuscus</span>) Harbor an Exogenous <em>Deltaretrovirus</em>
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    North American Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) Harbor an Exogenous Deltaretrovirus

    Bats host a large numbers of viruses, many of which are zoonotic. In the United States, the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) is widely distributed and lives in small colonies that roost in cavities, often in human dwellings, leading to frequent human interaction. Viral metagenomic sequencing of samples from an...

    Ben M. Hause, Eric A. Nelson, Jane Christopher-Hennings
  • Open Access
    Antibodies to Variable Domain 4 Linear Epitopes of the <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> Major Outer Membrane Protein Are Not Associated with Chlamydia Resolution or Reinfection in Women
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Antibodies to Variable Domain 4 Linear Epitopes of the Chlamydia trachomatis Major Outer Membrane Protein Are Not Associated with Chlamydia Resolution or Reinfection in Women

    C. trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, and infection in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. No licensed vaccine exists to prevent C. trachomatis infection, and investigations of the natural immune response may inform the design of targeted vaccines for C. trachomatis. Our study fills a gap in knowledge regarding the epitope specificity...

    Amanda L. Collar, Alexandria C. Linville, Susan B. Core, Cosette M. Wheeler, William M. Geisler, David S. Peabody, Bryce Chackerian, Kathryn M. Frietze

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