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  • Articles
    • Latest Articles
    • COVID-19 Research and News from ASM Journals
    • mSphere of Influence: Commentaries from Early Career Microbiologists
    • Archive
  • Topics
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Clinical Science and Epidemiology

  • Open Access
    Gut Bacteria Shared by Children and Their Mothers Associate with Developmental Level and Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gut Bacteria Shared by Children and Their Mothers Associate with Developmental Level and Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

    Gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis and development of autism spectrum disorder. The maternal gut microbiota influences offspring gut microbial structure and composition.

    Yu Chen, Hui Fang, Chunyan Li, Guojun Wu, Ting Xu, Xin Yang, Liping Zhao, Xiaoyan Ke, Chenhong Zhang
  • Open Access
    Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Coevolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Conserved Genomic Terminals of SARS-CoV-2 as Coevolving Functional Elements and Potential Therapeutic Targets

    The CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) infectious disease outbreak is having a dramatic global effect on public health and the economy. As of October 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in over 189 countries, has infected over 40 million people, and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths.

    Agnes P. Chan, Yongwook Choi, Nicholas J. Schork
  • Open Access
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Functional Characterization of Circulating Mumps Viruses with Stop Codon Mutations in the Small Hydrophobic Protein

    Mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks occur in the United States despite high coverage with measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Routine genotyping of laboratory-confirmed mumps cases has been practiced in the United States since 2006 to enhance mumps surveillance. This study reports the detection of unusual mutations in the small hydrophobic (SH) protein of contemporary laboratory-confirmed mumps cases and is the first to describe the impact...

    Rita Czakó Stinnett, Andrew S. Beck, Elena N. Lopareva, Rebecca J. McNall, Donald R. Latner, Carole J. Hickman, Paul A. Rota, Bettina Bankamp
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiota Predict <em>Enterococcus</em> Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant <em>Enterococcus</em> Acquisition
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Gut Microbiota Predict Enterococcus Expansion but Not Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Acquisition

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that VRE causes an estimated 54,000 infections and 539 million dollars in attributable health care costs annually. Despite improvements in hand washing, environmental cleaning, and antibiotic use, VRE is still prevalent in many hospitals. There is a pressing need to better understand the processes by which patients acquire VRE. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intestinal...

    Rishi Chanderraj, Christopher A. Brown, Kevin Hinkle, Nicole Falkowski, Piyush Ranjan, Robert P. Dickson, Robert J. Woods
  • Open Access
    Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series

    This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the...

    Pauline Vetter, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Benjamin Meyer, Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo, Giulia Torriani, Fiona Pigny, Sylvain Lemeille, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Diem-Lan Vu, Adrien Calame, Manuel Schibler, Frederique Jacquerioz, Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Laurent Kaiser, Arnaud M. Didierlaurent, Isabella Eckerle
  • Open Access
    A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    A Genome Epidemiological Study of SARS-CoV-2 Introduction into Japan

    This study aimed to evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome sequences from COVID-19 cases and to characterize their genealogical networks to demonstrate possible routes of spread in Japan. We found that there were at least two distinct SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Japan, initially from China and subsequently from other countries, including Europe. Our findings can help understand how SARS-CoV-2...

    Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Kentaro Itokawa, Masanori Hashino, Tetsuro Kawano-Sugaya, Rina Tanaka, Koji Yatsu, Asami Ohnishi, Keiko Goto, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Hayato Ehara, Kenji Sadamasu, Masakatsu Taira, Shinichiro Shibata, Ryohei Nomoto, Satoshi Hiroi, Miho Toho, Tomoe Shimada, Tamano Matsui, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Hajime Kamiya, Yuichiro Yahata, Takuya Yamagishi, Motoi Suzuki, Takaji Wakita, Makoto Kuroda
    and the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Network in Japan
  • Open Access
    Reply to Bourgeois et al., “Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial”
    Author Reply | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Reply to Bourgeois et al., “Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial”
    Suzanne M. Garland, Marc Steben
  • Open Access
    Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial
    Letter to the Editor | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Incompletely Reported Important Methodological Details and Inaccurate Description of the Formulation That the Control Arms Received in a Gardasil Vaccine Trial
    Florence Bourgeois, Peter Doshi, Kyungwan Hong, Tom Jefferson, Mark Jones, Haeyoung Lee, Anisa Rowhani-Farid, Larissa Shamseer, O’Mareen Spence
  • Open Access
    Dissemination and Stability of the <em>bla</em><sub>NDM-5</sub>-Carrying IncX3-Type Plasmid among Multiclonal <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> Isolates
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Dissemination and Stability of the blaNDM-5-Carrying IncX3-Type Plasmid among Multiclonal Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

    The emergence and spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been a serious challenge to public health, and NDM-5 shows increased resistance to carbapenems compared with other variants. NDM-5 has been identified mostly in E. coli but has rarely been described in...

    Wenjun Zhu, Xing Wang, Juanxiu Qin, Wei Liang, Zhen Shen
  • Open Access
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States

    Understanding the genetic mechanisms conferring resistance is critical to design informed control and preventive measures, particularly when involving critically important antimicrobial classes such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The genetic determinants of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance were highly diverse, with multiple plasmids, insertion sequences, and genes playing key...

    Shivdeep Singh Hayer, Seunghyun Lim, Samuel Hong, Ehud Elnekave, Timothy Johnson, Albert Rovira, Fabio Vannucci, Jonathan B. Clayton, Andres Perez, Julio Alvarez

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