Applied and Environmental Science
Observation | Applied and Environmental ScienceA Novel aadA Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene in Bovine and Porcine PathogensAminoglycosides are important antimicrobials used worldwide for prophylaxis and/or therapy in multiple production animal species. The emergence of new resistance genes jeopardizes current pathogen detection and treatment methods. The risk of resistance gene transfer to other animal and human pathogens is elevated when resistance genes are carried by mobile genetic elements. This study identified a new variant of a spectinomycin/...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceAir-Dried Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alters the Rumen Microbiome in a Manner That Changes Rumen Fermentation Profiles and Lowers the Prevalence of Foodborne PathogensMaintaining product safety and reducing the carbon footprint of production are two sustainability goals of the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to study the impact of Tasco, a product derived from the brown macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum, on the rumen microbiome and its function. The inclusion of Tasco altered both rumen and fecal microbiota levels without affecting rumen fermentation. Tasco reduced fecal...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceA Dirichlet-Multinomial Bayes Classifier for Disease Diagnosis with Microbial CompositionsBy incorporating prior information on disease prevalence, Bayes classifiers have the potential to estimate disease probability better than other common machine-learning methods. Thus, it is important to develop Bayes classifiers specifically tailored for microbiome data. Our method shows higher classification accuracy than the only existing Bayesian classifier and the popular random forest method, and thus provides an alternative option...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceHeat Resistance Mediated by pLM58 Plasmid-Borne ClpL in Listeria monocytogenesListeria monocytogenes is a dangerous food pathogen causing the severe illness listeriosis that has a high mortality rate in immunocompromised individuals. Although destroyed by pasteurization, L. monocytogenes is among the most heat-resistant non-spore-forming bacteria. This poses a risk to food...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental SciencePlasticity of the MFS1 Promoter Leads to Multidrug Resistance in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria triticiDisease control through fungicides remains an important means to protect crops from fungal diseases and to secure the harvest. Plant-pathogenic fungi, especially Zymoseptoria tritici, have developed resistance against most currently used active ingredients, reducing or abolishing their efficacy. While target site modification is the most common resistance mechanism against single modes of action, active efflux of multiple drugs...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceCollection of Viable Aerosolized Influenza Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses in a Student Health Care Center through Water-Based Condensation GrowthThe significance of virus aerosols in the natural transmission of respiratory diseases has been a contentious issue, primarily because it is difficult to collect or sample virus aerosols using currently available air sampling devices. We tested a new air sampler based on water vapor condensation for efficient sampling of viable airborne respiratory viruses in a student health care center as a model of a real world environment. The new...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceStructural Characterization of Clostridium sordellii Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to Clostridium difficile SporesClostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceVirioplankton Assemblage Structure in the Lower River and Ocean Continuum of the AmazonThe Amazon River forms a vast plume in the Atlantic Ocean that can extend for more than 1,000 km. Microbial communities promote a globally relevant carbon sink system in the plume. Despite the importance of viruses for the global carbon cycle, the diversity and the possible roles of viruses in the Amazonia are poorly understood. The present work assesses, for the first time, the abundance and diversity of viruses simultaneously in the...
Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceArginine Exposure Decreases Acidogenesis in Long-Term Oral Biofilm MicrocosmsArginine is used in dental health formulations to help prevent dental cavities. This study assessed the effects of the long-term dosing of laboratory dental plaques with an arginine dentifrice. Data indicate that the addition of arginine dentifrice during sucrose challenge significantly increased plaque pH, thus potentially mitigating cariogenesis. Several functional groups of bacteria associated with tooth decay were significantly...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Applied and Environmental ScienceMonodeuterated Methane, an Isotopic Tool To Assess Biological Methane Metabolism RatesMicrobial methane consumption is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, with wide-ranging implications for climate regulation and hydrocarbon exploitation. Nonetheless, quantifying methane metabolism typically involves logistically challenging methods and/or specialized equipment; these impediments have limited our understanding of methane fluxes and reservoirs in natural systems, making effective management difficult. Here,...